Give This Country Some Character - Max Frost For President

BAGSGAB #1 Characters

Some Of The Character For My 40 Daze NYC Pot Party.

NYC Women Artists
Georgia O'Keeffe

Louise Bourgeois
Louise Nevelson
Loie Hollowell
Alice Neel
Florine Stettheimer
Cindy Sherman
Amy Sherald
Shirin Neshat
Mickalene Thomas
Kara Walker
Joan Mitchell
Wangechi Mutu
Joan Snyder
Judith Bernstein
Marilyn Minter
Barbara Kruger
Jennifer Packer
Susan Bee
Yoko Ono
Laurie Simmons
Hilla Rebay
Katherine Dreier

More NYC Women Artists

Susana Aldanondo
Kelynn Alder
Ellen Alt
Janya Barlow
Fran Beallor
Caroline Bergonzi
Lindy Blanchard
Michele Bonelli
Deborah Brand
Wendy Brest
Linda Butti
Pamela Casper
Rose Deler
Audrey Frank Anastasi
Diana Freedman-Shea
Lynne Friedman
Natalie Giugni
Lauren Gohara
Betsy Goldberg
Carol Gromer
Elizabeth Hasegawa Agresta
Sheila Hecht
Tamar Hirschl
Betty-Ann Hogan
Benice Horowitz
Randi Jane Davis
Suejin Jo
Jerilyn Jurinek
Karen Kirshner
Sueim Koo
Sheila Kriemelman
Stephanie S. Lee
Barbara Arum
Pam J. Brown
Caroline Bergonzi
Chu, Pin Hsin (Cynthia)
Tanda Francis
Natalie Giugni
Lori Horowitz
Sarah Katz
Anna Kuchel Rabinowitz
Yumie Kusuda
Jacqueline Lorieo
Meredith Susan Markowitz
Leah Poller
Siena Gillann Porta
Yupin Pramotepipop
Peggy Silverstein
Anne Stanner
Natsuki Takauji
Lea Weinberg

Mary Astor's - NYC Guilded Age Top 400

1, 2 Mr. and Mrs. F. R. Appleton Francis R. Appleton Fanny Lanier Appleton

3 Fred H. Allen Frederick Hobbes Allen
4, 5 Mr. and Mrs. Astor William Backhouse Astor Jr. Caroline Schermerhorn Astor
6, 7 Mr. and Mrs. J.J. Astor John Jacob Astor IV[b] Ava Lowle Willing
8, 9 Mr. and Mrs. George H. Bend George H. Bend Elizabeth Austen Townsend Bend
10 Miss Amy Bend Amy Bend
11 Miss Beatrice Bend Beatrice Bend
12, 13 Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Bryce Lloyd Bryce Edith Cooper Bryce
14 Mrs. Cavendish Bentinck Elizabeth Livingston Cavendish-Bentinck[c]
15, 16 Mr. and Mrs. F. Bronson Frederic Bronson Sarah Gracie King Bronson
17 Heber Bishop Heber Reginald Bishop
18 Miss Bishop Mary Cunningham Bishop
19 William Harold Brown William Harold Brown
20, 21 Mr. and Mrs. Edmund N. Baylies Edmund L. Baylies Louisa Van Rensselaer Baylies
22 Mr. Temple Bowdoin Temple Bowdoin
23, 24 Mr. and Mrs. J. Townsend Burden I. Townsend Burden Evelyn Byrd Moale Burden
25 Miss Burden Evelyn B. Burden
26 Mrs. Barbey Mary Lorillard Barbey
27 Miss Barbey Eva Barbey
28 Harold Brown Harold Brown
29 Edward Bulkley Edward H. Bulkeley
30, 31 Mr. and Mrs. James L. Barclay James Lent Barclay Olivia Bell Barclay
32 C. C. Baldwin C.C. Baldwin
33 Miss Baldwin Louise Roman Baldwin
34 C. C. Baldwin Jr. C.C. Baldwin, Jr.
35, 36 Gen. and Mrs. Henry L. Burnett Henry Lawrence Burnett Agnes Suffern Tailer Burnett
37 Mr. Thomas Cushing Thomas Forbes Cushing
38 Miss Edith Cushing Edith Howard Cushing
39 Mr. F. Bayard Cutting Robert Bayard Cutting
40 Miss Coster Martha Ellery Coster
41 Mr. Harry Coster Harry Coster
Mary Lee Coles Coster
42, 43 Mr. and Mrs. Charles Carroll Charles Carroll Suzanne Bancroft Carroll
44, 45 Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Cary Clarence Cary Elisabeth Miller Potter Cary
46, 47 Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop Chandler Winthrop Astor Chanler Margaret Terry Chanler
48 Mrs. Brockholst Cutting Marion Ramsay Cutting
49, 50 Mr. and Mrs. Harry Cannon Henry White Cannon Jennie Curtis Cannon
51 Robert L. Cutting, Jr. Robert Livingston Cutting Jr.
52 Col. J. Schuyler Crosby John Schuyler Crosby
53 Miss Crosby Angelica Schuyler Crosby
54, 55 Mr. and Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting William Bayard Cutting Olivia Peyton Murray Cutting
56, 57 Mr. and Mrs. S. V. R. Cruger Stephen Van Rensselaer Cruger Julia Grinnell Storrow Cruger
58 Rawlings Cottenet Rawlins Lowndes Cottenet
59 F. Brockholst Cutting F. Brockholst Cutting
60 W. Cutting, Jr. William Bayard Cutting, Jr.
61 Sir Roderick Cameron Sir Roderick Cameron
62 Duncan Cameron Duncan Ewen Cameron
63, 64 The Misses Cameron Catherine Natalie Cameron Anne Fleming Cameron
65, 66 Mr. and Mrs. James Cross Richard James Cross Annie Redmond Cross
67, 68 Mr. and Mrs. Edward Cooper Edward Cooper Cornelia Redmond Cooper
69, 70, 71 The Misses Chanler Elizabeth Astor Winthrop Chanler Margaret Livingston Chanler Alida Beekman Chanler 72 William R. Coster William B. Coster Maria Griswold Gray Coster
73, 74 Mr. and Mrs. Elisha Dyer, Jr. Elisha Dyer III Sidney Turner Swan Dyer
75, 76 Mr. and Mrs. Duncan Elliot Duncan Elliot Sallie Hargous Elliot
77, 78 Mr. and Mrs. George B. De Forest George Beach de Forest Jr. Anita Hargous de Forest
79, 80 Mr. and Mrs. Chauncey M. Depew Chauncey Depew Elise Hegeman Depew
81, 82 Mr. and Mrs. Frederic de Peyster Frederic James de Peyster Augusta McEvers Morris de Peyster
83, 84 Dr. and Mrs. Francis Delafield Francis Delafield Katherine Van Rensselaer Delafield
85 Miss Delafield Elizabeth Ray Delafield
86, 87 Mr. and Mrs. Paul Dana Paul Dana Mary Butler Duncan Dana
88 H. De Courcy Forbes H. De Courcy Forbes
89, 90 Mr. and Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish Stuyvesant Fish Marion Graves Anthon Fish
91, 92 Mr. and Mrs. C. G. Francklyn Charles G. Francklyn Susan Sprague Hoyt Francklyn
93 J. C. Furman John C. Furman
94, 95 Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton Fish, Jr. Hamilton Fish, Jr. Emily Mann Fish
96 Theodore Frelinghuysen Theodore Frelinghuysen
97 Augustus C. Gurnee Augustus C. Gurnee
98, 99 Mr. and Mrs. Ogden Goelet Ogden Goelet Mary Wilson Goelet
100 Mr. Frank G. Griswold Frank Gray Griswold
101 Miss Greene Anne Dunkin Greene
102 Mr. Allister Greene Alister Greene
103 Miss Grant Julia Grant
104 Robert F. Hawkes Robert Forbes Hawkes
105, 106 Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Howard Thomas Howard Rose Post Howard
107, 108 Mr. and Mrs. Carly Havemeyer Charles Frederick Havemeyer Camilla Woodward Moss Havemeyer
109 Meredith Howland Meredith Howland
110, 111 Mr. and Mrs. Valentine G. Hall Valentine Hall Jr. Mary Livingston Ludlow Hall
112 Miss Hall Elizabeth Livingston Hall
113 John A. Hadden, Jr. John A. Hadden Jr.
114, 115 Mr. and Mrs. Columbus Iselin Columbus Iselin Edith Colford Jones Iselin
116 Isaac Iselin Isaac Iselin
117 Mrs. William Jaffray Helen Smythe Jaffray
118 Miss Jaffray Helen Frances Jaffray
119 Mrs. F. R. Jones Mary Cadwalader Rawle Jones
120 Miss Beatrix Jones Beatrix Cadwalader Jones
121 Shipley Jones Shipley Jones
122, 123 Mr. and Mrs. DeLancey Kane DeLancey Astor Kane Eleanora Iselin Kane
124 Nicholas Kane Samuel Nicholson Kane
125 Miss Knowlton Mary Knowlton
126 Miss Sybel Kane Sybil Kane
127, 128 Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Kernochan James Powell Kernochan Catherine Lorillard Kernochan
129, 130 Col. and Mrs. Kip Lawrence Kip Eva Lorillard Kip
131 Miss Kipp Edith Kip
132, 133 Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Kernochan J. Frederic Kernochan Mary Stuart Whitney Kernochan
134 Miss Lusk Anna Hartwell Lusk
135 Arthur Leary Arthur Leary
136 Mrs. Maturin Livingston Ruth Baylies Livingston
137, 138 Mr. and Mrs. James Lanier James F. D. Lanier Harriet Bishop Lanier
139, 140 Mr. and Mrs. Henry B. Livingston Henry B. Livingston Frances Redmond Livingston
141 Edward Livingston Edward Livingston
142 Miss Clarissa Livingston Clarisse Livingston
143 Edward De Peyster Livingston Edward De Peyster Livingston
144, 145 Mr. and Mrs. Clement C. Moore Clement Clarke Moore Laura Williams Moore
146 Ward McAllister Ward McAllister
147, 148 Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Marshall Charles Henry Marshall Josephine Banks Marshall
149 Clement March Clement March
150, 151 Mr. and Mrs. O. Mills Ogden Mills Ruth Livingston Mills
152, 153 Mr. and Mrs. B. Martin Bradley Martin Cornelia Sherman Martin
154 F. T. Martin Frederick Townsend Martin
155 Peter Marié Peter Marié
156, 157 Mr. and Mrs. H. W. McVickar Harry Whitney McVickar Maud Robbins McVickar
158, 159 Mr. and Mrs. A. N. Morris Augustus Newbold Morris Eleanor Colford Jones Morris
160 Miss Morris Eva Van Cortlandt Morris
161, 162 Mr. and Mrs. R. Mortimer Richard Mortimer Eleanor Jay Chapman Mortimer
163 Miss Morgan Anne Morgan
164, 165 Mr. and Mrs. T. Newbold Thomas Newbold Sarah Lawrence Coolidge Newbold
166 Mrs. Frederick Nelson Isabelle Gebhard Neilson
167 S. H. Olin Stephen H. Olin
168, 169 Mr. and Mrs. C. Oelrichs Charles May Oelrichs Blanche de Loosey Oelrichs
170 James Otis James Otis
171 Miss Otis Sarah Birdsall Otis
172 Edward Post Edward C. Post
173 Richard Peters Richard Peters
174, 175 Mr. and Mrs. B. C. Porter Benjamin Curtis Porter Mary Clark Porter
176, 177 Mr. and Mrs. Frank Pendelton Francis Key Pendleton Elizabeth La Montagne Pendleton
178 Julian Potter Julian Potter
179 I. V. Packer James Vanderburgh Parker
180, 181 Mr. and Mrs. H. N. Potter Howard Nott Potter Ethel Potter
182, 183 Gen. and Mrs. Pierson John Frederick Pierson Susan Augusta Rhodes Pierson
184 Miss Pierson Marguerite Pierson Hull
185, 186 Mr. and Mrs. George B. Post George Browne Post Alice Stone Post
187 Mrs. William H. Perry Constance Frink Perry
188 Miss Perry Bertha Perry Ronalds
189 Goold H. Redmond Goold H. Redmond
190 Mrs. Rogers Susan LeRoy Fish Rogers
191 Miss Rogers Julia Fish Rogers
192 J. Ritchie J. Wadsworth Ritchie
193 T. J. Oakley Rhinelander Thomas Jackson Oakley Rhinelander
194 Miss Cora Randolph Cora Randolph Trimble
195 Mrs. Burke Roche Frances Burke Roche
196, 197 Mr. and Mrs. S. O. Ripley Sidney Dillon Ripley Mary Hyde Ripley
198 D. T. L. Robinson Douglas Robinson Sr.
199 R. K. Richards Robert Kerr Richards
200, 201 Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Robinson, Jr. Douglas Robinson Jr. Corinne Roosevelt Robinson
202, 203 Mr. and Mrs. H. Robins Henry Asher Robbins Lizzie Pelham Bend Robbins
204 Miss Sands Edith Cruger Sands
205, 206 Mr. and Mrs. William D. Sloane William Douglas Sloane Emily Thorn Vanderbilt Sloane
207, 208 Mr. and Mrs. Philip Schuyler Philip Schuyler Harriet Lowndes Langdon Schuyler
209, 210 Mr. and Mrs. Byam K. Stevens Byam K. Stevens Eliza Langdon Wilks Stevens
211 Lispenard Stewart Lispenard Stewart, Jr.
212, 213 Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Sherman William Watts Sherman Sophia Augusta Brown Sherman
214 Miss Adele Sloane Florence Adele Sloane
215, 216 Mr. and Mrs. Anson Phelps Stokes Anson Phelps Stokes Helen Phelps Stokes
217 Miss Stokes Olivia Egleston Phelps Stokes
218, 219 Mr. and Mrs. Walter L. Suydam Walter Lispenard Suydam Jane Mesier Suydam
220, 221 Mr. and Mrs. F. K. Sturgis Frank K. Sturgis Florence Lydig Sturgis
222 Miss Elizabeth Stevens Elizabeth Callendar Stevens
223 G. Mead Tooker Gabriel Mead Tooker
224 Miss Tooker Charlotte Tooker Warren
225 E. N. Tailer Edward Neufville Tailer
226, 227 Mr. and Mrs. H. McKay Twombly Hamilton McKown Twombly Florence Vanderbilt Twombly
228 Miss Tailer Fannie Bogert Tailer
229 Marquise de Talleyrand Elizabeth de Talleyrand-Périgord
230 Miss Mabel Van Rensselaer Mabel Van Rensselaer
231 Miss Alice Van Rensselaer Alice Van Rensselaer
232, 233 Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Cornelius Vanderbilt II Alice Claypoole Gwynne Vanderbilt
234 George W. Vanderbilt George W. Vanderbilt
235 Mrs. A. Van Rensselaer Louisa Barnewall Van Rensselaer
236 James Varnum James Varnum
237 Mr. Worthington Whitehouse Worthington Whitehouse
238, 239 Mr. and Mrs. W. Seward Webb William Seward Webb Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt Webb
240 Barton Willing John Rhea Barton Willing
241 Miss Willing Susan Ridgway Willing
242, 243 Gov. and Mrs. Wetmore George Peabody Wetmore Edith Keteltas Wetmore
244 Miss Wetmore Edith M. Keteltas Wetmore
245 Egerton Winthrop Egerton Leigh Winthrop
246 Thomas C. Winthrop Thomas C. Winthrop
247 F. B. Winthrop Bronson Winthrop
248, 249 Mr. and Mrs. Buchanan Winthrop Buchanan Winthrop Sarah Townsend Winthrop
250 Miss Winthrop Marie Austen Winthrop
251, 252 Mr. and Mrs. Ben. Wells Benjamin Welles Frances Wyeth Swan Welles
253, 254 Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Whitney William Collins Whitney Flora Payne Whitney
255 Miss Georgiana L. Wilmerding Georgiana L. Wilmerding
256 Mrs. C. A. Whittier Elizabeth Chadwick Whittier
257, 258 Mr. and Mrs. Wysong John J. Wysong Martha Marshall Wysong
259 M. A. Wilkes Matthew Astor Wilks
260, 261 Mr. and Mrs. W. Storrs Wells William Storrs Wells Anna Cole Raynor Wells
262, 263 Gen. and Mrs. Alexander S. Webb Alexander S. Webb Anna Remsen Webb
264 Miss Carrie Webb Caroline LeRoy Webb
265 Alexander S. Webb Alexander Stewart Webb

NYC Famous Writers
https://www.who2.com/famous-people-from/new-york/writer/

Allen, Steve (New York City) The original host of The Tonight Show
Arkin, Alan (New York City) The foul-mouthed grandpa in Little Miss Sunshine
Avi (New York City) The author of The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle
Baldwin, James (New York City) Author of Go Tell It On The Mountain
Barry, Dave (Armonk) Goofy humor columnist for The Miami Herald, 1983-2005
Bloom, Harold The literary critic who wrote 1973’s The Anxiety of Influence
Bogdanovich, Peter (Kingston) Director of The Last Picture Show
Bowles, Paul (Jamaica) Author of The Sheltering Sky
Carle, Eric (Syracuse) Author of The Very Hungry Caterpillar
Clark, Mary Higgins (New York City) The author of Where Are the Children? and other suspense stories
Cook, Robin (New York City) The author of Coma
Delany, Samuel R. (New York City) Author of Dhalgren and Babel-17
DeLillo, Don (New York City) The author of White Noise and Underworld
Doctorow, E.L. (The Bronx) The author of the 1975 novel Ragtime
Eisner, Will (Brooklyn) Creator of the comic The Spirit
Ephron, Nora (New York City) The writer and director of Sleepless In Seattle
Fadiman, Anne (New York City) Author of The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down
Fadiman, Clifton (Brooklyn) Host of the radio quiz show Information Please
Fort, Charles (Albany) Researcher and reporter of anomalous phenomena
Haley, Alex (Ithaca) The Pulitzer Prize-winning author of the book Roots
Hecht, Ben (New York City) The prolific Hollywood screenwriter who did The Front Page
Heller, Joseph (Brooklyn) The author of Catch-22
Hijuelos, Oscar (New York City) The author of The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love
Irving, Clifford (New York City) Author of the fake Howard Hughes biography
Irving, Washington (New York City) Author of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
James, Henry (New York City) Author of The Ambassadors
Johnson, Crockett (New York City) The author of Harold and the Purple Crayon
Kauffmann, Stanley (New York City) The film reviewer for The New Republic, 1958-2013
Kennedy, Caroline (New York City) The oldest child of John and Jackie Kennedy
Keyes, Daniel (Brooklyn) The author of Flowers for Algernon
Konigsburg, E.L. (Manhattan) The author of The View From Saturday
Lee, Stan (New York City) The leader of Marvel Comics and co-creator of Spider-Man
L'Engle, Madeleine (New York City) The author of A Wrinkle in Time
Lethem, Jonathan (Brooklyn) Author of The Fortress of Solitude
Luce, Clare Boothe (New York City) Socialite, playwright, ambassador and wife of publisher Henry Luce
Matthiessen, Peter (New York City) The author of At Play in the Fields of the Lord
Melville, Herman (New York City) The author of Moby-Dick
Miller, Arthur (New York City) The author of Death of a Salesman
Miller, Henry (New York City) Author of Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
Miranda, Lin-Manuel (New York City) The creator and star of the musical Hamilton
Oates, Joyce Carol (Lockport) The author of Bellefleur and Them
O'Donoghue, Michael (Utica) Writer / performer on Saturday Night Live
Paglia, Camille (Endicott) The professor-author of 1990’s Sexual Personae
Patterson, James (Newburgh) The author of all those Alex Cross mysteries
Paul, Caroline (New York City) Author of Fighting Fire
Perelman, S.J. (Brooklyn) Humorist for The New Yorker and Marx Bros. writer
Pohl, Frederik (Brooklyn) The sci-fi author of The Space Merchants and Gateway
Pynchon, Thomas (Glen Cove) Reclusive author of Gravity's Rainbow
Robbins, Harold (New York City) The author of The Betsy
Salinger, J.D. (New York City) The author of The Catcher In the Rye
Sendak, Maurice (Brooklyn) The illustrator who created Where the Wild Things Are
Steel, Danielle (New York City) Author of the romance novels Jewels and Crossings
Sturgeon, Theodore (Staten Island) The science fiction author of 'More Than Human'
Vidal, Gore (West Point) The smart and sassy author of Burr and Myra Breckinridge
Wallace, David Foster (Ithaca) The author of the novel Infinite Jest
West, Mae (Brooklyn) Early Hollywood sex symbol
Wharton, Edith (New York City) Author of Ethan Frome and The Age of Innocence
Whitehead, Colson (New York City) The Pulitzer Prize-winning author of 'The Underground Railroad'
Whitman, Walt (Long Island) The poet who wrote Leaves of Grass
Wilson, Robert Anton (Brooklyn) Co-author of the Illuminatus! Trilogy

MAYORS OF NY

Thomas Willett 1665
Thomas Delavall 1666
Thomas Willett 1667
Cornelius Steenwyck 1668-1670
Thomas Delavall 1671
Matthias Nicolls 1672
John Lawrence 1673
William Dervall 1675
Nicholas De Meyer 1676
Stephanus Van Cortlandt 1677
Thomas Delavall 1678
Francis Rombouts 1679
William Dyre 1680-1681
Cornelius Steenwyck 1682-1683
Gabriel Minvielle 1684
Nicholas Bayard 1685
S. Van Cortlandt 1686-1688
Peter Delanoy 1689-1690
John Lawrence 1691
Abraham De Peyster 1692-1694
Charles Lodwik 1694-1695
William Merrett 1695-1698
Johannes De Peyster 1698-1699
David Provost 1699-1700
Isaac de Reimer 1700-1701
Thomas Noell 1701-1702
Philip French 1702-1703
William Peartree 1703-1707
Ebenezer Wilson 1707-1710
Jacobus Van Cortlandt 1710-1711
Caleb Heathcote 1711-1714
John Johnson 1714-1719
Jacobus Van Cortlandt 1719-1720
Robert Walters 1720-1725
Johannes Jansen 1725-1726
Robert Lurting 1726-1735
Paul Richard 1735-1739
John Cruger 1739-1744
Stephen Bayard 1744-1747
Edward Holland 1747-1757
John Cruger, Jr. 1757-1766
Whitehead Hicks 1766-1776
David Mathews 1776-1784
James Duane 1784-1789
Richard Varick 1789-1801
Edward Livingston 1801-1803
De Witt Clinton 1803-1807
Marinus Willett 1807-1808
De Witt Clinton 1808-1810
Jacob Radcliff 1810-1811
De Witt Clinton 1811-1815
John Ferguson 1815
Jacob Radcliff 1815-1818
Cadwallader D. Colden 1818-1821
Stephen Allen 1821-1824
William Paulding 1825-1826
Philip Hone 1826-1827
William Paulding 1827-1829
Walter Bowne 1829-1833
Gideon Lee 1833-1834
Cornelius W. Lawrence 1834-1837
Aaron Clark 1837-1839
Isaac L. Varian 1839-1841
Robert H. Morris 1841-1844
James Harper 1844-1845
William F. Havemeyer 1845-1846
Andrew H. Mickle 1846-1847
William V. Brady 1847-1848
William F. Havemeyer 1848-1849
Caleb S. Woodhull 1849-1851
Ambrose C. Kingsland 1851-1853
Jacob A. Westervelt 1853-1855
Fernando Wood 1855-1858
Daniel F. Tiemann 1858-1860
Fernando Wood 1860-1862
George Opdyke 1862-1864
C. Godfrey Gunther 1864-1866
John T. Hoffman 1866-1868
T. Coman 1868
A. Oakey Hall 1869-1872
William F. Havemeyer 1873-1874
S.B.H. Vance 1874
William H. Wickham 1875-1876
Smith Ely 1877-1878
Edward Cooper 1879-1880
William R. Grace 1881-1882
Franklin Edson 1883-1884
William R. Grace 1885-1886
Abram S. Hewitt 1887-1888
Hugh J. Grant 1889-1892
Thomas F. Gilroy 1893-1894
William L. Strong 1895-1897
Robert A. Van Wyck 1898-1901
Seth Low 1902-1903
George B. McClellan 1904-1909
William J. Gaynor 1910-1913
Ardolph L. Kline 1913
John Purroy Mitchel 1914-1917
John F. Hylan 1918-1925
James J. Walker 1926-1932
Joseph V. McKee 1932
John P. O'Brien 1933
Fiorello H. LaGuardia 1934-1945
William O'Dwyer 1946-1950
Vincent R. Impellitteri 1950-1953
Robert F. Wagner 1954-1965
John V. Lindsay 1966-1973
Abraham D. Beame 1974-1977
Edward I. Koch 1978-1989
David N. Dinkins 1990-1993
Rudolph W. Giuliani 1994-2001
Michael R. Bloomberg 2002-2013
Bill de Blasio 2014-2021
Eric L. Adams 2022-?

The Most Famous New Yorkers

David Abercrombie

Jacob Abrahams
John Adams
Samuel Adams
Thomas Adams
Scipio Africanus
Edward Albee
Peter Caesar Alberti
Jean Allefonsce
John Allen
Stephen Allen (1821 & 1824)
Theodosia Burr Alston
Isaac Van Amburgh
Othmar Ammann
Governor Edmund Andros
Albert Anselmi
George Appo
Benedict Arnold
Herbert Asbury
John Jacob Astor- Born in 1763
John Jacob Astor IV-died on Titanic on April 15, 1912
Leo Astor and Leo Lenox (stone lions)
William Waldorf Astor
Louis Auster
Benjamin Aymar
Orville E. Babcock
Irving Bacheller
Roger Baker
Barberrie
Djuna Barnes
Phineas Taylor Barnum
Isaac Barre
Jacob Barsimson
Lt. Col. Charles Baxter
Ann Bayard
Elizabeth Bayard
Judith Bayard
Hester Bayard
Nicholas Byardt (Bayard)
William Bayard
Alfred Beach
Abraham D. Beame
Andrew Beekman
Gerardus Beekman
Jochem Beekman
Wilhelmus Beekman aka William Beekman (1623-1707)
August Belmont, Sr.
Park Benjamin
Henry Bicker
Edwin Binney
Jack Binns
Anthony Bleecker
Leonard Bleecker
Adrian Block
Orison Blunt
Herman Mynderts van den Bogaert
Dominie Everardus Bogardus
James Bogardus
Jerry Bohan
Hector Boiardi
Solon Borglum
George S. Boutwell
Martin Bowe
John Bowne
Walter Bowne
Captain Paul Boyton
Brannan
Jean de Brebeuf
Francesco Giuseppe Bressani
Edward Breuwen
Henry Brevoort
Benjamin H. Bristow
Henry Sands Brooks
Abraham Brower
Jacob Brown
Nathan Brown
Saul Brown
William Brown
William Cullen Bryant
Daniel Buckley
Dr. W. P. Buel
George Burns
Kit Burns
Alfred Mosher Butts
Matthew Buys
Byram
Thomas F Byrnes
John Cabot
Caesar (Vaarck's)
Franklin V. Canning
Eddie Cantor
Nathan Caplin- aka Kid Dropper - aka Kaplan aka Jack the Dropper
Al Capone
Frank Capone
Ralph Capone
Vincenzo Capone
Sir Guy Carleton
Andrew Carnegie
John Chambers
Samuel de Champlain
Pierre-Joseph Chaumonot
Hendrick Christiaenzen
Sybout Claesen
Henry Clapp
Dewitt Clinton
George Clinton
Tryntje Clock
Jacob Cohen
Lillie Hitchcock Coit
Edward Coleman
John Coleman - died Sept. 6, 1609
John Colt
Samuel Colt
Gerardus Comfort
Betty Compton
Richard Connolly
Femimore Cooper
Myles Cooper
Mrs Corlear's
Lord Cornbury
John G Coster
Samuel Cox
Martin Crigier
Davy Crockett
Cuffee - Cuffee was executed in the 1741 New York Conspiracy
Andrew Culver
e.e. cummings
Provost Marshal William Cunningham
Arendt van Curler
Peter T Curtenius
William Dampier
Thomas Davenport
John Davis
Mrs Day
Oliver De Lancey
Abraham De Peyster
David De Vries
William E. Dean
Deganawidah Delacroix
Edward Delafield (May 17, 1794 - Feb. 13 1875)
James Delancy
Thomas Delavall
John Delmonico
Admiral Dewey
Governor Thomas A. Dewey
William Dewitt
Abraham De Peyster
Johannes de Peyster
Legs Diamond
Walter Diemer
George Dieterich
Cornelius Dircksen
Governor Dongan
Colen Donck
Thomas Downing
Sir Francis Drake
Gertrude Drick
Samuel Drisius- came to NYC in 1652
James Duane
William Duer
David Duffore (also spelled Deffore, Devore, Devoor and De Voor)
Thomas Edison
Hamilton Fish
Arthur Flegenheimer aka Dutch Schultz
Hannah Franklin
Maria Franklin
Walter Franklin
Martin Frobisher
Abraham Gallatin
Gallus Mag
Goo-goo Knox
Alexander Hamilton
Andrew Hammersly
Henry Janeway Hardenbergh
John Hawkins
Robert Herring
Cornelia Herring
Hell-Cat Maggie
Christian Hendricksen
Robert Hodgson
Henry Hudson
Jan Huych
Washington Irving
Thomas Jefferson, and helped charter NYU in 1831.
John the Turk
William Samuel Johnson
Burgher Jorisen
Robert Juet
Paul Kelly
Captain William Kidd
Willem Kieft
Hans Kiersted
Jacob Kip
Sebastian Jansen Krol
Johannes La Montagne
Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia
John Lamb
Napoleon LeBrun
Thomas Leggett
Jacob Leisler
Robert Lenox
Asser Levy
Leonard Lispenard
Chancellor Livingston
Harry Longabaugh aka Sundance Kid
Thomas Lote
Joseph B Martin
Cornelius May
Henry McCarty aka William H. Bonney aka Billy the Kid aka Kid Antrim was born in New York City in 1859
Alexander McDougall
Johannes Megapolensis
Dominie Jonas Michaelius
Stoffel Mighielsen
Frances Moelmacker
Jean Moreau
Thijis Volckenz Mossel
Happy Jack Mulraney
Christopher Newport
Matthias Nicholls
Lt. Gov. Francis Nicholson
Richard Nicolls
Mayor George Opdyke
Jacob L Orange
Samuel Osgood
Edward Osterman aka Monk Eastman
Robert Leroy Parker - aka Butch Cassidy
Etta Place
Bill Poole (Bill the Butcher)
Nat Prime
Robert Randall
Cornelis Rijser
Tom Riley
John Davison Rockefeller
Juan (Jan) Rodrigues
Adam Roelanstsen
Jacobus Roosevelt
John Roosevelt
Benjamin Rush
Peter Rutgers
Jean Rutgers
Anthony Rutgers
Alice Rutgers
Sadie the Goat
Catherine Schuyler - born in 1734
Elizabeth Schuyler
Major General Phillip Schuyler
Isaac Sears
Samuel Staats
Ferdinand Steinmeyer
John Stevens
Alexander T. Stewart
Dylan Thomas-November 1953
Samuel J. Tilden
Boss William Marcy Tweed
Lambert van Tweenhuysen
Johannes Van Brugh
John Van Cortlandt
Adriaen Van Der Donck
Hendrick Van Dyck
Colonel John Van Rensselaer
Cornelius Van Steenwyck
Cornelis Van Tienhoven
Adrian Vanderdonck
Jacob Hendricksen Varravanger
Judith Verlett
Abraham Verplanck - born 1606 died 1690
Giovanna Di Verrazzano aka Giovanni de Verrazano (Da Verrazzano)
Arnout Vogels
Daniel Webster
Mary Jane West
Ann White
Capt. Thomas White
Stephen Whitney
Molly Williams
Thomas Willett
Fernando Wood
Peter Zenger
start here to add to alphabetical list Edgar Allen Poe
Jack Kerouac
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald
William Sydney Porter aka O. Henry
Dylan Thomas
John Sloan
Betty Turner
William Glackens
Henrietta "Hetty" Howland Robinson Green
Victoria Woodhull
Ann Lohman
Sylvia Green
Peter B Sweeny
Mayor Abraham Oakey Hall
James H. Ingersoll
Samuel J. Tilden
Thomas Nast
Matthew J. O'Rourke
John Kellum
Leopold Eidlitz
Richard Varick
Albert Gallatin
Robert Fulton
Alexander Hamilton
William Seward
Hamilton Fish
Abraham Gouverneur
Peter Minuit
Bastiaen Jansz Krol
Willem Kieft
Jacob Sharp
John Mason
Rufus Porter
Elijah McCoy
Henry T. Gratacap
Arthur Wynne
Francis Lovelace
Esteban Gomez- born 1478 died spring 1538
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Franklin
Samuel Leggett
George Washington
Ulysses S. Grant
Theodore Roosevelt - born October 27, 1858 in New York City
Franklin D. Roosevelt - born in 1882
Goovert Loockerman
Alfred E. Smith
Fiorello LaGuardia
James J. Walker
Robert F. Wagner Jr.
John V. Lindsay
John Fitch
Stephen Foster
Edgar Allan Poe
Governor Wouter Van Twiller
Governor Richard Nicolls
Governor Peter Minuit
John Underwood
Cornelius Melyn
Francesco Vigo
Philip Mazzei
Richard Talliaferro
Jeremiah Thompson
Henry Highland Garnett
John Simmons
John Jay
James Madison
James Wilson
Oscar Tschirky
Benjamin Franklin
Nikola Tesla
Virginia Woolf
Jack London
John Hertz
Theodore Roosevelt
Charles Lindbergh
Edna St Vincent Millay
J. Scott Hartley
John Reed
T.S. Elliot
John Masefield
Emma Lazarus
Herman Melville
Mickey Spillane
Thomas Paine
Thomas Jefferson
Herbert Levi Osgood
Lawrence Henry Gipson
Joseph D. Pistone
John Wojtowicz
Joe Kennedy
Abraham Lincoln
Robert E. Lee
Peter Koch
Signor Martini di Arma di Taggia
Jacob Leisler
Stephanus Van Cortlandt
Jean Vigne
Harmanus Rutgers
Jean Rutgers
Ann White
John Heperding
Peter Schermerhorn
Governor Colonel Benjamin Fletcher
William Vesey
Benjamin Moore
Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright
Samuel Provoost
Oceanus Hopkins
Isaac Low
William A. Richardson
Leonardo Nole
Walter Winchell
Fernand Petiot
Commodore Nutt
Robert Moses
Edward Ridley
Mayor C Godfey Gunther
Mayor Jimmy Walker
Hendrick Van Dyck
Hendrick Rycken
Johannes La Montagne
Hans Kierstede
Peter van der Linde
Prince Henry
Coenrat Ten Eyck
Ben Johnson
Adam Roelantsen
Anthony Van Fees
Harry Venn
David Provost
Sandy Welsh
Isaiah Rynders
Evertsen
Adrian Van Laar
Arent Isaacksen
Pieter Winster
Coenraet Ten Eyck
Abel Hardenbrook
Carsten Luerse
Dirck Van der Clyff
Joris Marschalk
Adrian Hoighlandt
Governor Robert Hunter
Cryn Frederickz van Lobbrecht (Cryn Fredericks)
Willem Kieft
Groot Manuel de Gerrit
Captain Isaiah Rynders
John Kelly
W. T. Havemeyer
Daniel Ludlow
Andrew Mortier
Thomas Hickey
General James Wolfe
Governor Francis Lovelace
Captain John Van Arsdale
Henry Clay Frick
John Morton
Jay Gould
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
Hendrick Hendriksen Kip
Arthur James Weise
Casimir Goerck
Resolve Waldron
Jacob bar Simson
Abraham de Lucena
Aarom Sinsheimer
Samuel Lord
Rowland Hussey Macy
John Wanamaker
Frank Winfield Woolworth
Marshall Field
Jonas Michaelius
Jean Mousnier de la Montagne
Henry Goldfoggle
Hendricksen Varravanger
Samuel Staats
Annetje Jans
Dirck Van Clift
Isaiah Rogers
John Ericsson
Chaplain John Sharpe
Bishop Charles Inglis
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham
Captain Manning
Prince - Prince was executed in the 1741 New York Conspiracy
Quack - Prince was executed in the 1741 New York Conspiracy
Frank Henry Fleer
John Taylor Johnston
Jacob Steendam
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Washington Irving
Jan Gillisen
Benjamin Moore
Asser Levy van Swellem
Gouverneur Morris
Joshua Forman
James Geddes
General Philip Schuyler
Captain Peter Warren
James Jauncey
John Stevens, III
General James Wolfe
Gerritsen
Jacob Sperry
John Jones
Lorenzo Da Ponte
William Pitt, Earl of Chatham
Philip Embury (1728-1773)
William Hamilton
John Scudder
Francis W. Olmsted
Sandy Welsh
Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)
John Kearney Rodgers (1793-1851)
Monroe Rosenfeld
Burger Jorrison
Albert De Groot (1813 - 1884)
Walt Whitman
Horace Greeley
Gennaro Lombardi
Antonio Totonno Pero
Richard Sackett
Isaac de Rasiere
Adriaen Jorise Theinpont
Theyebdabegea aka Joseph Brant

Hiawatha
Gerrit Jansen
Jan Gybertsen
Bowdoin Hendrick (Boudewijn Hendricksz)
Francois Molemacker
Alonso de Ojeda
Amerigo Vespucci
Martin Waldseemuller
O'Keefe
Jan de Wit
John Sebring
Richard Ingoldsby
Henry Sloughter
Nathaniel Pitcher
Cornelis Melyn
Adriaen van der Donck
Kiliaen Van Rensselaer
Isaac Jogues
Simon Le Moyne
Claes Groen
Pieter Lieresen
Dirck Storm
Abraham Oakey Hall
Richard Nicolls
William Havemeyer
William F. Havemeyer
Fernando Wood
John McComb Jr.
Jonathan Williams
King George
President Ronald Reagan
Ezra Fitch
Benjamin Guggenheim
Charles Joughin
Isidor Straus
Ida Straus
Frederic Kimber Seward
Frederic Kimber Seward
Dorothy Gibson
Maurice Levin
Jacob M. Kaplan
William Niblo
Alfred Ochs
Pat Matthews
General Sandford
Mose Humphries
Jacob Riis
Franchoys Fezard
Captain Edmund Fanning
Zophar Mills
Samuel Willets
William B Wood
Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence (1834 - 1837),
Isaac L Varian (1839 - 1841),
Daniel F Tiemann (1858 - 1860),
C Godfrey Gunther (1864 - 1866)
William H Wickman (1875 - 1876).
Elijah Purdy
Robert Morris
Lorenzo Sheppard
Rococo Levi
Sandy Welsh
Thomas Willett
Abraham DePeyster
David Provost
Fiorello H. LaGuardia
James J. Walker
George B. McClellan Jr.
Robert F. Wagner Jr.
Rosanna Peers
Mickey the Pilot.
Pete Williams
Harrington
Charles Dickens
Abraham Lincoln
Russian Grand Duke
General William Worth
Henry Petty
Lewis M. Pease
Frenchy
Jack Madill.
Tommy Hadden
Bill Slocum
Sadie the Goat
Nicholas Saul
William Howlett
Charley Monell
Kate Flannery
Slobbery Jim
Patsy the Barber
Frank Nitto
Frankie Yale (Ioele or Uale)
John Torri
Lena Galluccio
Frank & Galluch& Galluccio
Lucky Luciano
Arthur (Criss-Cross) Finnegan
Dinny Meehan
Wild Bill Lovett
Frankie Yale (Francesco Ioele)
Paolo Vaccarelli (Paul Kelly)
Arnold Rothstein
John Scalise
Joseph Giunta
Charles Lucky Luciano
James T Ellison aka Biff, and Pat Riley aka Razor
Jack McGurn
William S Pontin
Joseph G. Siegel
Stanford White (1853-1906)
Bessie White
William Rhinelander Stewart
Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish
J. Pierpont Morgan
Harry K. Thaw
Stanford White.
George Shaw
Jacob Shaw
John Lysaight
John Sickles
John Orchard
Johann Lampo
Lamarcus Thompson
Walter Knott
Nathan Handwerker
Harry Stevens
Anton Ludwig Feuchtwanger
Fred C. Trump
LaMarcus Adna Thompson
Mike "Thunderbolt" Norton
Janton
Walt Whitman
Herman Melville
Daniel Webster
Washington Irving
Edgar Allan Poe.
Charles I. D. Looff
Weber
Vandeveer
Balmer
Benjamin Palmer
Minefer
Mikhail Gorbachev
President Reagan
Hutton
Verplanck
Gerard Kramer
Maugis Vumenot
Jimmy Durante
Ida Handwerker
Mesier
Pieter Jansen
Jan Vinge
Paul Sommer
Sam Francis
William Walton
Harmanus Rutgers II
Harmanus Rutgers Ill
Oloff Van Cortlandt
Etienne De Lancey
Robert Todd
Jacobus Kip
Andries Maerschalck
Dolley Payne (Dolley Madison)
James Madison
Captain Thomas Preston
Eliza Bowen Jumel
Silas Wood
John Elkin
Andrew Hopper
Thos. Scurlock
Eve Scurlock
Dugdale and Searles

GANGS OF NY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_identities_in_The_Gangs_of_New_York_(book)

Batavia Street Gang

Duck Reardon 1895 Gang leader and "dandy" whose involvement in the theft of Herman Segal's jewelry store resulted in the arrests of himself and several members of the gang.
Mike Walsh 1895 He and Duck Reardon led several members in the robbery of Herman Segal's jewelry store, supposedly to raise money for members to attend a fancy dress ball at New Irving Hall, and was arrested days later with Reardon and other participants of the robbery.

Baxter Street Dudes

Baby-Faced Willie 1870 Founder and leader of the gang during the 1870s.

Bowe Brothers

Bill Bowe Member of the Bowe crime family led by his brother Martin Bowe.

Jack Bowe Member of the Bowe crime family led by his brother Martin Bowe.

James Bowe Member of the Bowe crime family led by his brother Martin Bowe.

Martin Bowe Saloon keeper and head of the criminal family which operated out of his Catherine Slip saloon known as the Glass House.

Jack Madill Bartender and criminal associate. He was sentenced to life imprisonment for murdering his wife after she refused to help him rob a drunken sailor.

Bowery Boys

Chuck Connors 1852–1913 Political organizer for Tammany Hall and founder of the Chuck Conners Association. One of the more colorful political figures in his day, he was also the longtime ward boss of Chinatown up until the turn of the 20th century.

Mose the Fireboy 1849? Pseudonym of the supposed leader of the Bowery Boys during the 1840s who was well known for battling members of the Dead Rabbits and other gangs. He was later the subject of a play written by Chanfrau entitled Mose, the Bowery B'hoy and performed at the old Olympic Theater in 1849.

Charley Lozier Associate of the Bowery Boys and brother-in-law of Bill Poole.

William Poole 1821–1855 Popular sportsman known as "Bill The Butcher", he was one of the most recognized members of the Bowery Boys during the 1840s and 50s. His murder at the hands of Lew Baker resulted in one of the most publicized trials in the city's history.

Reddy The Blacksmith d. 1876 One of the few career criminals of the street gang, he was one of the city's most notorious underworld figures during the mid-to late 19th century.

Syksey Lieutenant and longtime companion of Mose the Fireboy. He is supposed to have coined the phrase "hold de butt" which refers to a "dead cigar".

Tom McCann Politician and pugilist who was said to have fought heavyweight champion John Morrissey for the right to court Duane Street madam Kate Ridgely.

Car Barn Gang

Bill Lingley 1911 Founder and co-leader of the Car Barn Gang with Freddie Muchfeldt. The two were eventually convicted and executed for murder in 1911.

Freddie Muchfeldt 1911 Co-leader of the Car Barn Gang known as "The Kid". He and "Big Bill" Lingley were convicted of murder and executed in 1911.

Charlton Street Gang

Sadie the Goat 1869 Former Fourth Ward street mugger and one-time leader of the Charlton Street Gang. During the summer of 1869, she led the group of river pirates to pillage up and down the Hudson River.

Corcoran's Roosters

Tommy Corcoran 1900 Supposed leader of the criminal organization based in "Corcoran's Roost" founded by his father Jimmy Corcoran.

Daybreak Boys

William Howlett 1834–1853 He and Nicholas Saul were the co-leaders of the Daybreak Boys during the early 1850s. They were both hanged for murder when they shot and killed a watchman while robbing the brig William Watson.

Nicholas Saul 1833–1853 Co-leader of the Daybreak Boys with William Howlett. He and Howlett were convicted and hanged for murder after killing the watchman during the robbery of the brig

Bill Johnson 1850 A close associate, but reportedly ineffectual, member of the Daybreak Boys. A participant in the robbery of the brig William Watson with William Howlett and Nicholas Saul, he was so drunk that "he was unable to lend a hand at the oars" and was later arrested with them after a gunfight with police at their Slaughter House Point headquarters. Of the three, Johnson was sentenced to life imprisonment and the others to be hanged.

Sow Madden 1850 Member of the Daybreak Boys during the 1850s.

Sam McCarthy 1850 Known as "Cow Legged Sam", he was the last leader of the Daybreak Boys before its breakup by Police Chief George Washington Matsell. He eventually abandoned the Daybreak Boys to join a burglary gang operating in the Five Points.

Bill Lowrie 1850 Took over the leadership of the Daybreak Boys with Slobbery Jim after Howlett and Saul were hanged. After Slobbery Jim left New York for the murder of Patsy The Barber, he and the gang operated out of his bar, The Rising States, with his girlfriend Molly Maher until his arrest for in a dock robbery and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment.

Slobbery Jim 1850 He and Bill Lowrie succeeded Howlett and Saul as leaders of the Daybreak Boys. Slobbery Jim was later forced to flee the city after murdering fellow member Patsy the Barber.

Patsy The Barber 1855 Member of the Daybreak Boys during the 1850s. His murder by Slobbery Jim forced the gang leader to flee the city.

Molly Maher 1850 Criminal associate of the Daybreak Boys and girlfriend of Bill Lowrie and later Sam McCarthy.

Pete Williams 1850 Dive keeper whose Slaughter House Point dive bar and gin mill was used as a headquarters for the Daybreak Boys.

Dead Rabbits

Kit Burns 1831–1870 Saloon keeper and owner of the Water Street resort Sportsman's Hall, he and Tommy Hadden served as lieutenants and later became leaders of the Dead Rabbits during the 1850s and 60s.

Tommy Hadden Saloon keeper and owner of a Water Street crimp house, located next to Dan Kerrigan's place, and co-led the Dead Rabbits with Kit Burns.

John Morrissey John Morrissey 1831–1878 One-time pugilist, sportsman and gambler, Morrissey was one of the most visible figures among Tammany Hall supporters who fought against the Know Nothing party during the 1840s and 50s.

Hell-Cat Maggie 1840 One of the most prominent female fighters allied with the Dead Rabbits during the early 1840s, she was said to have filed her teeth into points and wore long nails of brass while battling rival gangs from the Bowery.

Jack The Rat Bowery character and son-in-law of Dead Rabbits leader Kit Burns who took bets at Sportsman Hall to bite the head off of a mouse for ten cents and decapitate a rat for a quarter.

Dutch Mob

Mike Kurtz 1845–1904 Leader of the Dutch Mob known as "Sheeny Mike". He and the others were run out of their home territory, located between Houston and Fifth Street, by a "flying squad" under police captain Anthony Allaire in 1877.

Little Freddie 1870 One of the co-founders of the Dutch Mob. He and other gang members were run out of the district by the NYPD in 1877.

Johnny Irving 1883 The third co-founder of the Dutch Mob and brother of Babe Irving. Johnny Irving was shot and killed by rival gang member Johnny the Mick in Shang Draper's saloon in 1883.

Billy Porter 1850–? A longtime member of the Dutch Mob, he was present during the gunfight at Shang Draper's saloon between Johnny Irving and Johnny the Mick. After killing Johnny the Mick, he himself was immediately gunned down by Shang Draper.

Gilbert Yost 1886 A regular criminal associate, he was a well-known burglar and member of the George Leonidas Leslie gang.

Eastman Gang

Monk Eastman 1880–1920 One of the last great gang chieftains who founded the Eastman Gang and feuded with Paul Kelly and the Five Points Gang over control of New York's underworld at the turn of the 20th century.

Jack Zelig 1882–1912 A longtime member of the Eastmans, "Big Jack" Zelig took over the gang following the death of Kid Twist and was perhaps its last powerful leader prior to his murder by Red Phil Davidson in 1912. His murder, although never proven, was thought to have been motivated by his testimony as a star witness in the Charles Becker murder trial.

Red Phil Davidson 1882–? A criminal associate of the Five Points Gang supposedly involved with its leader Jack Sirocco to murder Jack Zelig the day before his testimony in the Becker-Rosenthal murder trial.

Tommy Dyke Associate of Chick Tricker and manager of his Bowery dive bar. He was also a political organizer and head of the Lenny & Dyke Association.

Richie Fitzpatrick 1880–1905 Former lieutenant to Paul Kelly who defected from the Five Points Gang to join Monk Eastman during their gang war. Killed during a struggle for leadership of the Eastmans with Kid Twist. Invented a method of execution later used in the 1974 film The Godfather.

Vach Lewis 1882–1908 Former circus strongman known as "Cyclone Louis". A close associate of Kid Twist, he was employed as his bodyguard and was later ambushed and killed alongside Kid Twist by Five Points gunman Louis Pioggi.

Charles Livin A veteran member and longtime lieutenant to Monk Eastman known as "Ike the Blood". He was ambushed and killed by several unknown members of the Gopher Gang at a dive bar at Seventh Avenue and Twenty-Eight Street.

Chick Tricker Saloon keeper and lieutenant of Jack Zelig who, with Jack Sirocco, later fought Jack Zelig for control of the Eastman Gang. Among his many establishments, he owned a Park Row saloon which competed against Jack McManus's New Brighton dance hall with their underworld feud eventually resulting in McManus's death.

Max Zwerbach 1908 One of Paul Kelly's lieutenants known as "Kid Twist", who defected to Monk Eastman during the Eastman-Five Point gang war. He succeeded Eastman as leader of the gang after the murder of Richie Fitzpatrick, another rival for leadership, in 1905. He and Cyclone Louie were later gunned down by Louis Pioggi three years later.

Kid Dahl A close associate of Kid Twist, he is believed to have killed Richie Fitzpatrick on his orders and later took over the East Side stuss game run by The Bottler.

Jack Sirocco 1882–1954 A lieutenant under Jack Zelig, he and Chick Tricker formed a separate faction and battled Zelig over leadership of the Eastman Gang.

Chris Wallace Young criminal associate of Monk Eastman who was arrested with Eastman for the infamous street mugging of which resulted in Eastman's 10 year imprisonment in Sing Sing.

Charley Torti A criminal associate of Jack Sirocco, he attempted to kill Jack Zelig during the gang war against the Jack Sirocco-Chick Tricker faction.

Julie Morrell 1911 Criminal associate of Jack Sirocco who was killed in a filed attempt to murder Jack Zelig.

Diamond Charley Bowery drug peddler who organized and later monopolized the selling of chloral and morphine.

Carroll Terry Coney Island dancing girl and girlfriend of Kid Twist.

Five Points Gang

Paul Kelly 1876–1936 Former pugilist and founder of the Five Points Gang, he was the longtime rival of Monk Eastman with whom he battled over control of New York's underworld at the turn of the 20th century. He ruled over the city for a brief time after Monk Eastman's downfall, but his power declined after a failed attempt on his life by Biff Ellison and Razor Riley in 1906 forced him to close the popular New Brighton Dance Hall.

Nathan Kaplan 1891–1923 A former member of the Five Pointers known as "Kid Dropper", he and Johnny Spanish formed a group of ex-Five Point gang members involved in labor racketeering. He and Spanish soon fell out however, their gang war becoming known as the second "Labor Slugger War", and controlled "labor slugging" until his murder by Louis Kushner.

James T. Ellison 1862–? Former bouncer and criminal associate of Paul Kelly. In 1906, he and Razor Riley attempted to kill Paul Kelly at his New Brighton headquarters. Although they shot him three times, Kelly survived and Ellison was captured in 1910, imprisoned in Sing Sing, and eventually committed to an insane asylum where he died years later.

Pat Hogan Criminal associate of Paul Kelly known as "Rough House Hogan". He was present with Kelly when Ellison and Riley attacked him and later testified against Ellison at his trial.

Jack McManus 1905 Saloon keeper, pugilist and longtime bouncer known as "Eat 'Em Up" McManus. He was the "Sheriff of the New Brighton" and was killed in an underworld feud with Chick Tricker.

Louis Pioggi 1889–? A young Five Points gang member known as "Louie the Lump", who gunned down Eastman leader Kid Twist and his bodyguard Cyclone Louie in a dispute over Coney Island dancing girl Carroll Terry in 1908.

John McCarthy Criminal associate of the Five Point Gang involved in prostitution and running panel houses. In 1888, he was involved in a gunfight with Whyos lead Danny Driscoll over prostitute Beezy Garrity which resulted in her death.

Bill Harrington 1908 Bodyguard of Paul Kelly, he was shot and killed by Razor Riley while protecting the gang leader during the failed attempt on his life.

Joe Hickman Five Point gang member known as "Itsky Joe", known as the last leader of the gang before its breakup.

Cora the Blonde Popular New Brighton showgirl and girlfriend of Bill Harrington, she was present with Harrington when Ellison and Riley attempted to kill Paul Kelly at the New Brighton dance hall in 1908.

Johnny Torrio 1882–1957 Leader of the affiliated-James Street Gang, the group included future organized crime figures such as Al Capone, Frankie Yale and Charles Luciano.

Forty Thieves

Edward Coleman 1839 Leader of the Forty Thieves. He was convicted of murdering his wife, a "hot corn girl", and was the first man to be hanged at The Tombs.

Maggie Carson 1850 Leader of the Forty Little Thieves, Carson was known as "Wild Maggie".

Gas House Gang

Tommy Lynch 1913 Last leader of the Gas House Gang. Killed by rival Jimmy Cariggio in 1913.

William Jones 1911 Also known as "Scotty Jones", he was one of many underworld figures to be arrested during the NYPD's campaign against the city's street gangs being convicted of the murder of two fellow gang members in 1911.

Gopher Gang

Marty Brennan A high-ranking leader of the Gophers, he and Newburgh Gallagher were among those convicted during the NYPD's campaign against the city's street gangs and eventually sent to Sing Sing.

One Lung Curran 1917 An early member and later leader of the Gophers. He was well known in Hell's Kitchen for attacking policemen and stealing their uniforms, later becoming a popular trend in the underworld.

Edward Egan A lieutenant under Owney Madden, he disappeared shortly after Madden's conviction for the murder of Patsy Doyle.

Razor Riley A well-known member of the Gophers who, with Biff Ellison, attempted to murder Paul Kelly and take over the Five Points Gang. Kelly survived the attempt however and Riley eventually died from pneumonia while hiding out in Chinatown.

Newburg Gallagher He and Marty Brennan were leaders of the Gophers and among those arrested during the NYPD's campaign against the city's street gangs.

Chick Hyland Another lieutenant to Owney Madden. He was later imprisoned for four years.

Owney Madden 1892–1964 The last leader of the Gophers. He later became a successful bootlegger with Bill Dwyer during Prohibition and eventually retired to run the underworld resort in Hot Springs, Arkansas.

Stumpy Malarkey A prominent member of the Gophers during the turn of the 20th century.

Johnny McArdle He and Art Biedler killed Patsy Doyle. He was sentenced to thirteen years imprisonment for his role in the murder.

Jack Mulraney Known as "Happy Jack" due to a facial disfigurement which made him appear to have a permanent smile. He later killed Paddy the Priest, a well-known Hell's Kitchen saloon keeper, for jokingly asking about his smile.

Battle Annie Popularly known as "Queen of Hell's Kitchen", she led the female contingent known as the Lady Gophers during the 1870s.

Art Biedler Veteran gunman who was convicted with Johnny McArdle of killing Patsy Doyle and sentenced to eighteen years imprisonment.

William Mott Known as "Willie the Sailor". He was allegedly involved in planning the murder of Patsy Doyle and was present with girlfriend Margaret Everdeane when Doyle was murdered.

Buck O'Brien Co-led the Gophers with Owney Madden, O'Brien controlling the area from Forty-Second Street to Fifty-Ninth and from Ninth Avenue to the Hudson River. He was an occasional rival of the Parlor Mob.

Tony Romanello A close associate of Owney Madden, he was one of several members attacked by Patsy Doyle, who was then attempting to take over the Gophers. Romanello was shot and stabbed after taunting Doyle of losing his girlfriend Freda Horner to Owney Madden.

Bill Tammany A third lieutenant of Owney Madden. He was eventually sent to Sing Sing to serve a 15-year prison sentence.

Margaret Everdeane Associate of the Gophers and girlfriend of William Mott. She and Freda Horner were later accused of setting up Patsy Doyle to be killed by Owney Madden, but later testified against the gang leader resulting in his conviction.

Freda Horner Associate of the Gophers and girlfriend of Owney Madden. Freda had previously been seeing Patsy Doyle and agreed to lure him to a saloon where Owney Madden ambushed and killed him. She and Margaret Everdeane later testified against Owney Madden at the trial for Doyle's murder.

Ida The Goose 1900–1910 Manhattan showgirl subject to a brief gang war between the Gophers and the Eastman Gang known as the "Ida the Goose War".

Paddy the Priest 1911 Well-known Hell's Kitchen saloonkeeper and criminal associate of the Gophers. He was killed by "Happy" Jack Mulraney for supposedly making a comment regarding his facial disfigurement.

Patsy Doyle 1914 A minor member of the Gophers who attempted to take over the Gophers from Owney Madden, then still recovering from an attempt on his life, and was later killed by Madden after being lured to a saloon by former girlfriend Freda Horner.

Grady Gang

John D. Grady 1880 Criminal fence and traveling salesmen known as "Traveling Mike". He was the leader of one of the most successful burglary gangs in the Eastern United States financing some of the most infamous robberies in the city's history among these the robbery of nearly $2 million from industrialist Rufus L. Lord in 1866.

Pet Anderson Sneak thief known as "Boston" Anderson. He was a participant in the Exchange Place office robbery in 1866, he and Eddie Pettingill taking out the two bins of cash and negotiable securities.

William Burke Another thief known as "Billy the Kid", he was considered one of Grady's best men and was said to have been arrested one hundred times before his 21st birthday.

Eddie Pettingill Sneak thief who participated in the Exchange Place office robbery when he and Pet Anderson took out two bins of cash and negotiable securities.

Jake Rand Swindler known as "Greedy Jake". He planned and led members of the Grady Gang in the robbery of industrialist Rufus L. Lord in 1866. His role was to distract Lord while "Boston" Anderson and Eddie Pettingill sneaked into his Exchange Place office and steal nearly $2 million in cash and negotiable securities.

Hod Ennis A sneak thief and burglar, he assisted Jake Rand planning the Exchange Place robbery and arranging the meeting with Rufus Lord.

Hell's Kitchen Gang

Dutch Heinrichs 1860–1874 A thief and bank robber, Dutch Heinrichs was the founder of the Hell's Kitchen Gang which ruled over Hell's Kitchen during the late 1860s and 70s. Convicted for grand larceny and sentenced to ten years imprisonment but became insane while in The Tombs and was eventually committed to the asylum at Wards Island.

Hook Gang

James Coffee One of several leaders of the Hook Gang.

Terry Le Strange One of several leaders of the Hook Gang.

Suds Merrick One of several leaders of the Hook Gang. He was eventually succeeded by Bum Mahoney after the arrest of his three top men Tommy Bonner, Johnny Gallagher and Sam McCracken.

Tommy Shay One of several leaders of the Hook Gang.

Slipsley Ward The principal lieutenant to Bum Mahoney, he was imprisoned for attempted to steal a schooner single-handed from a crew of six men.

Tommy Bonner A leading member of the Hookers and an associate of Suds Merrick. He was arrested with Sam McCracken and Johnny Gallagher for the 1874 robbery of the canal boat Thomas H. Brick and imprisoned in Auburn Prison.

Johnny Gallagher Another leading member of the Hookers and criminal associate of

Suds Merrick. He was arrested with Sam McCracken and Tommy Bonner for the 1874 robbery of the canal

boat Thomas H. Brick and imprisoned in Auburn Prison.

Sam McCracken A member of the Hookers and associate of Suds Merrick who was arrested with Tommy Bonner and Johnny Gallagher and imprisoned in Auburn Prison for the 1874 robbery of the canal boat Thomas H. Brick.

Piggy Noles A particularly infamous trickster of the Hookers who once stole a rowboat and sold it back to its original owner. The boat had been repainted and the victim was unaware that it was his own boat that he had purchased.

Bum Mahoney A former member of the Patsy Conroy Gang, the 23-year-old river pirate became head of the gang after Suds Merrick stepped down as leader in 1874.

Old Flaherty River pirate and associate of the Hookers. Flaherty was himself the head of a family of criminals and thugs in the Seventh Ward.

Hudson Dusters

Circular Jack Co-founder and organizer of the Hudson Dusters with Kid Yorke and Goo Goo Knox.

Mike Costello A prominent member of the Hudson Dusters, he was the subject of a statewide manhunt by police in New York and New Jersey police for his involvement in the murders of Rubber Shaw and Tanner Smith.

Red Farrell 1851–? Burglar and pickpocket, he was considered one of the oldest street criminals still operating in the city by the time of his arrest for pickpocketing in 1922.

Ding Dong Colorful member of the Hudson Dusters who led a group of teenage thieves based in Greenwich Village who robbed express wagons by having gang members sneak aboard and toss package to him as he followed the wagon.

Rickey Harrison 1920 A once leading member of the Hudson Dusters. He was eventually convicted of murder and armed robbery and sent to the electric chair at Sing Sing in 1920.

Jack Diamond 1897–1931 He and his brother were both members of the gang during their teenage years. He became a bodyguard to labor racketeer Jacob Orgen during the third "Labor Slugger War" and later became a notorious gunman and bootlegger during Prohibition.

Goo Goo Knox 1921 Co-founder of the Hudson Dusters with Circular Jack and Kid Yorke. He was eventually killed by John Hudson in an underworld dispute over bootlegging.

Rubber Shaw 1919 One of the Hudson Duster's last leaders, Rubber Shaw was killed in a drive-by shooting in retaliation for the gangland murder of Marginals leader Tanner Smith only a few days before.

Honey Stewart One of the early prominent members of the Hudson Dusters.

Kid Yorke Co-founder of the Hudson Dusters with Circular Jack and Goo Goo Knox.

Humpty Jackson Gang

Humpty Jackson 1914 One of the few gang chieftains not allied with either the Eastman or Five Points Gang, A cultured well-educated man with a reportedly fierce temper, he ruled over roughly fifty gangsters from his headquarters in a cemetery between First and Second Avenue to Twelve and Thirteen Streets. He was eventually convicted of murder and later died in prison.

Lobster Kid A lieutenant of Humpty Jackson.

Spanish Louie 1910 Supposed descendant of mestizo Portuguese or Spanish nobility also known as "Indian Louie", he was a well-known thug-for-hire in Chinatown and the Bowery during the turn of the 20th century. He was a chief lieutenant to Humpty Jackson until his mysterious death.

Nigger Ruhl A lieutenant of Humpty Jackson.

The Grabber A lieutenant of Humpty Jackson. He was alleged to have killed Spanish Louie, a fellow member, over a claim that Spanish Louie had cheated him out of the proceeds of a Tammany Hall social function they had co-hosted.

Italian Dave Gang

Jack Mahaney 1844–? A protege of the infamous fagin Italian Dave, Mahaney himself became a noted confidence man, burglar and sneak thief.

Jimmy Curley Gang

James Cariggio 1892–1914 Founder and leader of the Jimmy Curley Gang, his gang committed numerous holdups and armed robberies in Manhattan during the turn of the 20th century. He was also known as "Gold Mine Jimmy".

Lenox Avenue Gang

Harry Horowitz 1889–1914 Leader of the Lenox Avenue Gang known as "Gyp the Blood".

Frank Cirofici 1914 Veteran gunman known as "Dago Frank", he was described by detective Val O'Ferrell as "the toughest man in the world". Cirofici and his girlfriend Dutch Sadie would often work together as street muggers.

Louis Rosenberg 1914 A pickpocket known as "Lefty Louis", who was later involved in murder for hire.

Jacob Siedenschier 1914 An ex-pugilist known as "Whitey Lewis", who became a noted "black jack artist" under Jack Zelig.

Leslie Gang

George Leonidas Leslie 1840–1878 Architect turned bank robber, Leslie was one of the great criminal masterminds of the mid-to late 19th century. His burglary gang was responsible for some of the most notorious bank robberies in the United States.

Abe Coakley A close associate of Leslie, he was involved in the 1878 robbery of the Manhattan Savings Institution.

Jimmy Hope / James "Old Jimmy" Hope 1836–1905 Bank robber involved in the 1878 robbery of the Manhattan Savings Institution.

Johnny Hope 1856–1906 Son of "Old Jimmy" Hope. Bank robber sent to Sing Sing for his supposed role in the Manhattan Savings Institution.

Bill Kelly Bank robber involved in the 1878 robbery of the Manhattan Savings Institution.

Red Leary 1840–1888 Bank robber involved in the 1878 robbery of the Manhattan Savings Institution.

Johnny Dobbs 1835–1892 River pirate and burglar associated with the Daybreak Boys and later Marm Mandelbaum and George Leslie. He reportedly handled over $2,000,000 in stolen money as a criminal fence but died in poverty.

Pete Emerson 1845–? Bank robber known as "Banjo Pete". He was involved in the 1878 robbery of the Manhattan Savings Institution and a suspect in George Leslie's murder in 1884.

Sam Perris 1840–? Bank robber known as "Worcester Sam". He was involved in the 1878 robbery of the Manhattan Savings Institution and a suspect in the murder of George Leslie in 1884.

Patrick Shevlin 1808–? A crimine associate of Leslie known as "Patty" Shevlin. He was a participant in the 1878 robbery of the Manhattan Savings Institution, Leslie obtaining a job for him in the bank months before the robbery.

Gilbert Yost 1886 Burglar and bank robber. In 1870, Yost was imprisoned for two years after he and Leslie were caught robbing a jewelry store in Norristown, Pennsylvania.

John Nugent 1904 Police officer associated with Leslie's gang. He was one of the participants of the 1878 robbery of the Manhattan Savings Institution.

Ed Goodie 1848–? Burglar and butcher cart thief associated with Leslie and Marm Mandelbaum during the 1870s and 80s. Babe Irving Sister of Johnny Irving and girlfriend of George Leslie.

Little Auggies

Jacob Orgen 1894–1927 A former member of Benjamin "Dopey Benny" Fein's organization, he was the founder of the gang and eventually gained control of Manhattan's labor racketeering with the death of Kid Dropper at the end of the third "Labor Slugger War". He himself would be murdered by Louis "Lepke" Buchalter and Gurrah Shapiro several years later.

Louis Kushner 1904–1939 A member of the "Little Augies", Kushner murdered rival gang leader Kid Dropper at the Essex Market Courthouse in 1923. He became an important informant against Louis "Lepke" Buchalter during the 1930s before being hunted down by Murder, Inc. and killed with Isadore Friedman.

Sammy Weiss 1904–? A lieutenant of Jacob Orgen, he and Orgen were arrested at the time of Kid Dropper's murder but later released.

Mandelbaum Gang

Fredericka Mandelbaum 1818–1894 One of the most successful criminal fences in New York during the 19th century, "Marm" Mandelbaum hosted extravagant dinner parties attended by her "inner circle" of noted female criminals. She was also closely associated with Bill Mosher, Ed Goodie, Joe Douglas, Mike Kurtz, Shang Draper, Mark Shinburn, Ned Lyons and George Leonidas Leslie.

Big Mary A successful thief and con artist during the 1860s and 70s.

Ellen Clegg 1841–? Pickpocket and shoplifter associated with Tilly Miller and Lena Kleinschmidt. She was the wife of James "Old Jimmy" Clegg.

Kid Glove Rosey 1847–? German-born thief and shoplifter associated with Lena Kleinschmidt.

Lena Kleinschmidt 1835–? Thief and blackmailer known as "Black Lena". Like Mandelbaum, she herself hosted dinner parties in Hackensack, New Jersey while posing as the widow of a South American mining engineer but was eventually discovered when a guest recognized an emerald ring worn by Kleinschmidt stolen from her handbag.

Sophie Lyons 1848–1924 One of the most notorious confidence women of the 19th century, she and her husband bank robber Ned Lyons were the most hunted criminals in the country.

Queen Liz Thief and pickpocket who was associated with Marm Mandelbaum during the 1860s and 70s.

Little Annie 1870–1880

Old Mother Hubbard 1828–? An elderly thief, pickpocket and shoplifter, she was one of the most wanted and well-known female criminals in the United States.

Marginals

Tanner Smith 1887–1919 Founder and leader of the Marginals who rivaled the Hudson Dusters and the Pearl Buttons for control of the Hudson River waterfront. An ally of Owney Madden, he was murdered in an underworld dispute in 1919.

Molasses Gang

Jimmy Dunnigan Sneak thief and pickpocket. Co-leader of the Molasses Gang with Billy Morgan and Blind Mahoney.

Blind Mahoney A member of the Whyos, Mahoney was a co-leader of the Molasses Gang with Jimmy Dunnigan and Billy Morgan.

Billy Morgan He co-led the Molasses Gang with Jimmy Dunnigan and Blind Mahoney.

Nineteenth Street Gang

Little Mike Leader of the Nineteenth Street Gang active in the area between Nineteenth and Thirty-Fourth Streets known as "Poverty Lane".

Pansies

Riley Rags Leader of the Pansies. From their headquarters at Avenue A and Eighty-First Street, they frequently raided the East River waterfront.

Patsy Conroy Gang

Patsy Conroy 1846–? Fourth Ward river pirate and founder of the Patsy Conroy Gang. He and Larry Griffin were eventually convicted of robbing Robert Emmet's home in White Plains in 1874.

Wreck Donovan

Bum Mahoney An associate of Joseph Gayles, he and Billy Woods accompanied him on the ill-fated robbery of the brig Margaret in 1873. He and Woods threw Gayles overboard, believing him to be dead, but he was brought back onto the boat by Mahoney when Gayles regained consciousness but threw him back into the river after he died. Later associated with the Hook Gang and Old Flaherty's criminal family.

Joseph Gayles 1873 River pirate and waterfront thug known as "Socco the Bracer". A chief lieutenant of Patsy Conroy, he was killed in a gun battle with police after failing to hijack to brig Margaret with Bum Mahoney and Billy Woods.

Billy Woods He accompanied Joseph Gayles in the 1873 robbery of the brig Margaret. During the ensuing shootout with police, he attempted to keep Gayles from coming back aboard the boat but was dissuaded by Mahoney.

Denny Brady River pirate and burglar who co-led the robbery of the brig Mattan with Larry Griffin in 1873. He was eventually convicted of robbing a house in Catskill.

Pugsy Hurley

Beeny Kane 1870

Scotchy Lavelle River pirate and bouncer who later opened a saloon on Doyers Street. He served as a mentor to Chuck Conners early in his political career.

Larry Griffin River pirate and burglar who, with Denny Brady, led the robbery of the brig Mattan in 1873. Griffin was eventually convicted of robbing the house of Robert Emmet in White Plains.

Kid Shanahan 1883 Gang leader and river pirate. In 1883, he was convicted of the attempted hijacking of the sloop Victor while anchored in Flushing Bay.

Tom The Mick

Potashes

Red Shay Meehan Leader of the Potashes who were based near the Babbit Soap Factory on Washington Street near present-day Rector Street.

Slaughter House Gang

George Leese River pirate and member of the Slaughter Housers known as "Snatchem". He also fought in illegal bare knuckle boxing matches at Kit Burns' Sportsman's Hall.

Squab Wheelman Gang

Crazy Butch Teenage pickpocket who founded and led the Crazy Butch Gang. He later organized the Squab Wheelmen, allies of Monk Eastman, which he led until his murder by Harry the Soldier.

Darby Kid 1890 Shoplifter and girlfriend of Crazy Butch.

Little Kishky Gang member who was accidentally killed when he fell out a window during an "attack drill" staged by Crazy Butch at their headquarters.

Harry The Soldier One-time friend and lieutenant of Crazy Butch. He eventually killed Crazy Butch in a battle over his former girlfriend the Darby Kid.

Tenth Avenue Gang

Ike Marsh Leader of the Tenth Avenue Gang, he and Dutch Heinrichs merged their gangs in order to raid the Hudson River Railroad. He and several gang members robbed an express train at Spuyten Duyvil, the first train robbery in New York's history, stealing an iron box containing greenbacks and government bonds.

Tub of Blood Bunch

Brian Boru Member of the Slaughter House Gang. He and Sweeney the Boy lived in a marble yard near Corlears' Hook for twenty years before his mysterious murder.

Sweeney The Boy Member of the Slaughter House Gang. He lived with fellow gang member Brian Boru in a marble yard near Corlears' Hook for twenty years.

Hop Along Peter A supposed "half-wit", he was a well-known waterfront thug and said to have a fierce hatred for the police often attacking officers on sight.

Skinner Meehan

Dutch Hen

Jack Cody

Walsh Gang

Johnny Walsh 1852–1883 Leader of the Walshers known as "Johnny the Mick". Killed in a gunbattle at Shang Draper's saloon with rival gang leader Johnny Irving, who was himself gunned down by Billy Porter.

White Hand Gang

Richard Lonergan 1925 Known as "Peg Leg" Lonergan, he succeeded Bill Lovett as leader of the White Hand Gang. Feuding with Frankie Yale over control of the Brooklyn waterfront, he and five of his lieutenants were killed at the Adonis Social Club under mysterious circumstances.

Bill Lovett 1894–1923 Labor racketeer and war hero known as "Wild Bill" Lovett. He took control of the White Handers after the murder of Dinny Meehan and kept Italian mobsters out of the Brooklyn waterfront until his murder by the Sicilian assassin Dui Cuteddi in 1923.

Dinny Meehan 1920 Early leader of the White Handers involved in extortion and drug peddling. He was killed in his home in 1920.

Whyos Gang

Johnny Dolan 1850–1876 An inventive member of the Whyos known as "Dandy" Dolan. He developed a number of weapons for use by gang members in street fights and burglaries. He was convicted of the murder of businessman James H. Noe and executed in 1876.

Danny Driscoll 1860–1888 He and Danny Lyons co-led the Whyos during the 1880s. Convicted for the murder of Five Points prostitute Bridget "Beezy" Garrity, he was hanged in 1888.

Piker Ryan An enterprising member of the Whyos who was the first to keep records of the Whyos criminal activities. A list of "services" was found in his possession when arrested by police in 1884.

Red Rocks Farrell 1857–? One of the more colorful gang members, Farrell was eventually sent to Sing Sing for drugging and then robbing an ex-police officer in 1884.

Josh Hines Known as "Big Josh", he was a particularly skilled extortionist and was the first man to hold up a stuss game.

Bull Hurley

Danny Lyons 1888 Co-leader of the Whyps with Danny Driscoll during the 1880s. He was convicted of killing Joseph Quinn in an underworld feud over a local prostitute Kitty McGowan and hanged in 1888.

Fig McGerald

Mike McGloin 1883 Leader of the Whyos during the late 1870s and early 80s. He was convicted for the murder of saloon keeper Louis Hanier and executed in 1883.

Slops Connolly

Baboon Connolly

Googles Corcoran

Hoggy Walsh

Yakey Yakes

Yakey Yake Brady 1875–1904 Founder and leader of the Yakey Yakes who were active around the Brooklyn Bridge. The gang disbanded shortly after Brady died from tuberculosis.

Yiddish Black Hand

Johnny Levinsky Co-leader of the Yiddish Black Hand with Joseph Toplinsky and Charles Vitoffsky involved in poisoning horses and extorting livery stables.

Joseph Toplinsky Horse poisoner and co-leader of the Yiddish Black Hand with Johnny Levinsky and Charles Vitoffsky.

Charles Vitoffsky Co-leader of the Yiddish Black Hand with Johnny Levinsky and Charles Vitoffsky. Known as "Charley the Cripple", he was involved in extortion from soda and seltzer deliveries.

Independent leaders

Joe Baker East Side Gang leader involved in a gang war with Joe Morello and the Morello crime family.

Big Nose Bunker Gang leader who ran a dive bar near Johnny Camphine's saloon. Involved in a fight with a waterfront thug, he was stabbed six times in the stomach and four of his fingers were chopped off. He arrived at a nearby police station where he asked for a surgeon to reattach his fingers but died from blood loss before an ambulance could arrive.

Ralph Daniello 1925 Labor racketeer known as "Ralph the Barber", he was allied with Philip Paul during the first "Labor Slugger War".

Benjamin Fein Benjamin "Dopey Benny" Fein was an underworld figure who, with Joseph Rosenzweig, controlled "labor slugging" and labor racketeering in New York until the first "Labor Slugger War".

Abie Fisher Gang leader and labor racketeer allied with Philip Paul during the first "Labor Slugger War".

Porkie Flaherty Gang leader and labor racketeer active in the Lower East Side. He was one of several men allied with Philip Paul during the first "Labor Slugger War".

Jimmy Haggerty 1871 Philadelphia gang leader and bank robber. "Wild Jimmy" Haggerty was killed in a barroom brawl by Reddy the Blacksmith in 1871.

Pickles Laydon Gang leader allied with Philip Paul during the first "Labor Slugger War".

Benjamin Levinsky 1893–1922 Gang leader and labor racketeer. Killed by rival William Lipshitz in 1922.

Billy Lustig 1913 Gang leader and labor racketeer allied with Philip Paul during the first "Labor Slugger War".

Punk Madden Gang leader and labor racketeer allied with Philip Paul during the first "Labor Slugger War".

Albert Rooney 1892–? Founder and leader of the Fourteenth Street Gang. He was one of the last gang captains of the "Gangs of New York" period and was one of the high-profile underworld figures to be convicted during the NYPD's campaign against the city's street gang from 1911 to 1914.

Joseph Rosenzweig Organized crime figure who controlled labor racketeering with Benjamin Fein prior to the first "Labor Slugger War".

Philip Paul 1914 Gang leader and labor racketeer known as "Pinchy Paul". He led a coalition of independent gang leaders against Joseph Rosenzweig and Benjamin Fein during the first "Labor Slugger War" until his murder in 1914.

Joseph Quinn 1861–1887 Alleged gangster and rival of Whyos leader Danny Lyons who was killed in a dispute over prostitute Kitty McGowan.

Abe Roch Independent gang leader and labor racketeer known as "Little Rhody". He was involved in the first Labor Slugger War as an ally of Philip Paul and later testified at the trial of Joseph Rosenzweig.

Frank Salvatore Former bootblack and Tammany Hall political organizer known as "Mike the Dago". Around the turn of the 20th century, he founded the Young Chuck Conners Association and displaced Conners as the political boss of Chinatown.

Benjamin Snyder Labor racketeer under Joseph Rosenzweig who murdered rival Philip Paul. He eventually agreed to become a witness for the state resulting in the conviction of Rosenzweig and other "labor sluggers" operating in the city.

Other criminals

George Appo 1858–1930 The son of a Chinese father and an Irish mother, Appo was a famed pickpocket and longtime resident of Donovan's Lane near the Five Points. A Pickpocket's Tale: the Underworld of Nineteenth-Century New York by Timothy J. Gilfoyle (2006) uses Appo's own memoir as its basis.

Leon L.J. Bernard Disgraced reverend who embezzled $1,400,000 from the See of Tournai in Belgium. He was pursued by New York detective Joseph Dorcy and eventually captured in Veracruz.

Joe Douglas and Bill Mosher 1874 Pair of burglars alleged to have been involved in the Charley Ross kidnapping case. Months after the kidnapping, both men were killed attempting to rob the home of Judge Van Brunt.

Jack Frenchy Algerian-born criminal known as "Jack Frenchy" alleged to be "Jack the Ripper" and wrongly accused of the murder of Bowery prostitute Old Shakespeare.

Albert E. Hicks 1820–1860 Waterfront thief and freelance gunman who murdered the three-man crew of the oyster sloop E.A. Johnson after being shanghaied.

Ludwig the Bloodsucker Bowery character who resided near Bismark Hall and the House of Commons and is claimed to have "quaffed human blood as if it were wine".

Old Flaherty 1824–? River pirate who was a head of a family of criminals and thugs in the Seventh Ward. He and his wife were later sent to Blackwell's Island.

Mme. Restell 1812–1878 Abortionist known as "Madam Killer", she was worth over $500,000 during her lifetime.

Henry G. Romaine Grave robber involved in the theft and ransom of the body of industrialist Alexander T. Stewart.

Peter Sawyer Californian thief and robber who was the first criminal to begin drugging people for the purposes of robbing them during the late 1860s.

Burglars and sneak thieves

Mike Byrnes Burglar known as "Old Dublin", who operated an illegal still on Twenty-Sixth Street.

Barney Friery 1844–1866 Thief who killed "London" Izzy Lazarus in an underworld dispute.

Harry "London Izzy" Lazarus 1839–1865 English-born saloon keeper and thief known as "London Izzy". He was one of three sons born to pugilist Israel "London Izzy" Lazarus.

Dan Noble 1846–? English-born thief and burglar.

Mark Shinburn 1838–1915

Mary Varley Bowery sneak thief and shoplifter, the younger sister of Reddy the Blacksmith.

Confidence men and swindlers

Joseph Lewis 1850–1902? Confidence and banco man known as "Hungry Joe Lewis". He once swindled $5,000 from Irish author Oscar Wilde while visiting the United States in 1882.

Charles P. Miller 1851–1881 New Orleans gambler known as "King of the Banco Men", who ran one of the largest banco operations in the United States during the late 19th century.

Tom O'Brien 1850–1904 Swindler and banco man who organized confidence schemes in New Orleans and New York. He often partnered with Joseph "Hungry Joe" Lewis.

Reed Waddell 1859–1895 Confidence man and trickster credited as the inventor of the "gold brick" swindle. Killed by partner Tom O'Brien in 1895.

Fences and financers

Joe Erich 1850–1860 Underworld figure and the city's premier fence during the 1850s.

Rosanna Peers The earliest known criminal fence, whose Center Street grocery store and dive bar was used as the headquarters of the Forty Thieves.

Old Unger Fence and underworld figure whose Eldrige Street residence was a hangout for sneak thieves and pickpockets.

Ephraim Snow Underworld figure known as "Old Snow", who owned a dry goods store at Grand and Allen Streets which competed against rival fence Joe Erich.

Gamblers

The Bottler 1908 A Five Points gambler who was forced by Kid Twist to make Kid Dahl, a member of the Eastman Gang, a partner is his Suffolk Street stuss parlor.

William Busteed 1848–1924 Owner of a popular Broadway gambling resort and a chief competitor of "Honest" John Kelly.

Richard Canfield 1855–1914 Longtime sportsman and gambler who, as the successor of John Morrissey, owned a number of prominent establishments and gambling spots including Morrissey's resort at Saratoga Springs. His gambling house at Forty-Fourth Street was considered the most popular gaming resort in the United States until its close in 1902.

John Daly 1838–1906 Owner of a popular Broadway gambling resort and a rival of John Kelly.

Dinky Davis Owner of a popular Broadway gambling resort and a rival of John Kelly.

Sam Emery Owner of a popular Broadway gambling resort and a rival of John Kelly.

Pat Hearne 1859 Herne was an associate of Reuben Parsons who owned a successful Broadway gambling house during the 1840s and 50s. He himself was an avid gambler and, on more than one occasion, he supposedly gambled away an entire night's takings and his own place.

Kid Jigger A former gunman-turned-gambler, Kid Jigger operated one of the most successful stuss parlors in Manhattan's East Side. Johnny Spanish attempted to murder Kid Jigger after a failed extortion attempt but instead killed an eight-year-old girl during the gunfight and was forced to flee the city for a time.

Davy Johnson 1911 Owner of a Broadway gambling resort, The Roseben, and a rival competitor of John Kelly.

Reuben Parsons A native New Englander who controlled New York's illegal gambling and policy banks during the mid-19th century. He was commonly known as the "Great American Faro Banker" in the city's underworld.

Sam Paul 1874–1927 An associate of Charles Becker, he and Bridgie Webber ran the popular Sans Souci Music Hall in addition to illegal gambling.

Jack Rose Rose 5248624237 1875–1947 A gambler known as "Bald Jack", who was one of several men who ran second-rate gambling houses for Jack Zelig, he later testified against

Charles Becker during the Becker-Rosenthal trial.

Herman Rosenthal 1883–1912 An underworld bookmaker and part-time gambler who was forced to make Detective Charles Becker a partner in his gambling operation. He was later murdered by the Lenox Avenue Gang on orders from Becker when he threatened to reveal Becker's role as an underworld figure.

Sam Schepps Schepps ran gambling houses for Jack Zelig and later testified at the Becker-Rosenthal trial.

Harry Vallon Vallon was another associate involved in illegal gambling for Jack Zelig and later testified at the Becker-Rosenthal trial.

Wah Kee The first major underworld figure to arrive in Chinatown, Wah Kee ran illegal gambling and an opium den from the room above his Pell Street grocery store. His shop became popular among residents in the Bowery and Chatham Square. His success encouraged other Cantonese, particularly Chinese Tongs, to settle in Chinatown during the next several decades.

Bridgie Webber 1877–1936 An associate of Charles Becker, he and Sam Paul ran the Sans Souci Music Hall together. Webber also ran illegal gambling houses for Jack Zelig.

Prostitutes

Crazy Lou 1886 Bowery prostitute and dance hall girl.

Bunty Kate 1887 Five Points prostitute of Whyos leader Danny Lyons.

Beezy Garrity 1886 Five Points prostitute killed during a shootout between Whyos leader Danny Driscoll and John McCarty.

Gentle Maggie 1887 Five Points prostitute under Danny Lyons.

Hoochie-Coochie Mary A longtime Chinatown resident and prostitute. Found the body of murdered Chinese comic Ah Hoon in 1909.

Jane the Grabber Madam and procuress involved in kidnapping young women and forcing them into prostitution and white slavery during the 1870s.

Lizzie The Dove 1887 Five Points prostitute under Danny Lyons.

Pretty Kitty McGowan 1887 Five Points prostitute and subject of a gunfight between Danny Lyons and Joseph Quinn.

Red Light Lizzie Procuress and rival of "Jane the Grabber", she owned half a dozen brothels and was a supplier of prostitutes to similar establishments.

Old Shakespeare 1891 Bowery prostitute and alleged murder victim of Jack the Ripper.

Politicians

Peter Cooper 1791–1883

Richard Croker 1843–1922 Succeeded John Kelly as leader of Tammany Hall and remained a dominant influence in the city's politics up until the turn of the 20th century. Croker had a long history of receiving kickbacks and bribes from saloons, brothels and gambling dens throughout his political career but was cleared by the Lexow Committee. He was involved in bare-knuckle boxing and alleged to have been involved in the leader of the Fourth Avenue Tunnel Gang during his youth.

Thomas F. "Big Tom" Foley 1852–1925 Saloon keeper and political organizer for Tammany Hall, "Big Tom" Foley employed Monk Eastman and his gang to commit election fraud on behalf of the political organization. He later served as a mediator between Eastman and Paul Kelly during the gang war between the Eastmans and the Five Points Gang. Foley Square in Lower Manhattan is named for him.

Warren W. Foster 1859–1943 Attorney, judge and secretary for Tammany Hall. He was involved in the sentencing of many underworld figures between 1910 and 1915.

William J. Gaynor 1849–1913 One-time Mayor of New York who publicly remanded the NYPD of police brutality after a meeting with gang leader Tanner Smith who claimed had been beaten by police when he and Owney Madden had been playing cards. He later passed Order No. 7 which prohibited an officer from using his club unless he could prove his life was in danger.

Hugh J. Grant 1857–1910 Tammany Hall candidate who defeated Abram Hewitt to become Mayor of New York in 1888. His election was a result of a split between the Democrat-affiliated Tammany Hall and New York County Democracy parties. Previously closed saloons, dive bars and other establishments resumed operations, but few were able to recover from Hewitt's reforms. Much of the traditional vice district of Sixth Avenue shifted to the old Tenth Ward by 1890.

Abram Stevens Hewitt 1822–1903 Although Tammany Hall had supported Hewitt in his election campaign, Hewitt attacked Tammany political organizers by closing down a number of illegal establishments, including those owned by Billy McGlory, Frank Stephenson, Harry Hill and Theodore Allen. He also shut down underworld saloons and dive bars in Satan's Circus and other such vice districts. Became mayor in 1886 amid charges of election fraud by Henry George supporters.

Max Hochstein Attorney and political "fixer" for Charles "Silver Dollar Smith" Solomon.

Bill Howe 1828–1902 Founder of the Howe and Hummel law firm who represented a number of underworld figures with his partner Abe Hummel throughout the 19th century.

Abe Hummel 1849–1926 Co-founder of the successful law firm Howe and Hummel with Bill Howe with whom they represented many of the city's criminal figures up until the turn of the 20th century. Five years after the death of Bill Howe, "Little Abe" Hummel was convicted of suborning perjury and sentenced to one year imprisonment.

John Kelly 1822–1886 Longtime leader of Tammany Hall during the mid-to late 19th century. Known as "Honest John" Kelly, he was involved in graft and illegal gambling.

Dan Kerrigan 1843–1880 Tammany Hall political organizer, saloon keeper and noted pugilist who once fought Australian Kelly in a three and a half hour bout.

George Law 1806–1881 A leader of the Know Nothing movement, he lent the NYPD use of his clipper yacht the Grapeshot to apprehend Lew Baker and bring him back to New York to stand trial for the murder of William "Bill the Butcher" Poole.

John Purroy Mitchel 1879–1918 Reform candidate who defeated William J. Gaynor to become Mayor of New York. He rescinded Order No. 7 and worked with the NYPD to launch the city's first major campaign against the New York underworld from 1910 to 1914.

George Opdyke 1805–1880 Succeeded Fernando Wood as Mayor of New York. During the New York draft riots, he worked with both the NYPD and the military to restore order in the city. His home was targeted by rioters but were turned back by a fifty-man citizen guard.

Charles A. Perkins 1869–1930 District Attorney who battled against labor racketeering in New York during the first "Labor Slugger War". He also helped prosecute many of the city's notorious criminals during the NYPD's campaign against the street gangs in New York from 1911 to 1914.

Horatio Seymour 1810–1886 Governor of New York. During the New York draft riots, he and Mayor George Opdyke were able to convince Archbishop John Hughes to address the rioters to disband.

Alfred E. Smith 1873–1944 A powerful member of Tammany Hall from the turn of the 20th century up until the Second World War. Democratic candidate during the United States presidential election of 1928, he was the first Irish Catholic to run for the presidency of the United States.

Charles S. Solomon 1843–1899 Tammany Hall political organizer known as "Silver Dollar Smith". Solomon was the political boss of the old Tenth Ward district and owner of the Silver Dollar Saloon in Essex Street across the street from Market Street Court.

Tim Sullivan 1862–1913 Was perhaps one of the most influential and powerful political figures in Tammany Hall during the turn of the 20th century. "Big Tim" Sullivan was also the first politician to form relationships with organized crime figures such as Monk Eastman and Paul Kelly.

Tim Sullivan 1869–1909 Younger cousin of Tim Sullivan known as "Little Tim".

Edward Swann 1862–1945 District Attorney who succeeded Charles Perkins and continued efforts to prosecute labor racketeers during the "Labor Slugger War" period. He was unable, however, to gain enough evidence against many of those charged by Perkins and forced to dismiss indictments for a number of union officials and organized crime figures in 1917.

Robert Van Wyck 1849–1918 The first Mayor of New York after the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond were merged with Manhattan. He was a longtime ally and supporter of NYPD Police Chief William Devery despite Rev. Charles Parkhurst's evidence of his corrupt administration.

Charles S. Whitman 1868–1947 District Attorney who prosecuted a number of high-profile criminals and underworld figures, most notably, police detective Charles Becker and the Lenox Avenue Gang for the 1912 murder of gambler Herman Rosenthal.

Fernando Wood 1812–1881 One of the city's most colorful political figures, he was an early member of Tammany Hall and served as the Mayor of New York during the 1850s and early 1860s.

Tammany Hall sluggers

Lew Baker Ex-police officer and associate of John Morrissey who together fought against the nativist Know Nothings during the 1840s and 50s. In 1855, Baker shot and killed William "Bill the Butcher" Poole.

Paudeen McLaughlin Former pugilist employed by Tammany Hall. He and Jim Turner were present during the murder of William Poole.

Jim Turner Californian thug hired by Tammany Hall. He was present with Paudeen McLaughlin when Lew Baker killed William Poole.

Captain Isaiah Rynders 1804–1885 Political organizer and "fixer" for Tammany Hall. He organized many so-called "sluggers" which battled the Know Nothings as well as committed voter intimidation and election fraud on behalf of Tammany Hall during the 1840s and 1850s.

Country McCleester Sportsman and ex-pugilist employed by Tammany Hall. He supported bare-knuckle boxer Yankee Sullivan in his feud with rival Tom Hyer to whom he lost to in a match for the American heavyweight championship in 1841.

Edward Z.C. Judson 1821–1886 Publisher and writer who was associated with Isaiah Rynders and Tammany Hall during the 1840s.

Dirty Face Jack An associate of Isaiah Rynders, he and Country McCleester were alleged to have instigated the Astor Place Riot in 1849.

Bowery Bums

Jack Dempsey Bowery panhandler and resident of the infamous "Dump".

Jim Farrell A prominent Bowery panhandler who, becoming blind from excessive drinking, was said to have been carried out of John Kelly's dive screaming and died in an alcoholics ward in Bellevue Hospital soon after.

Tom Frizzell Known as "King of the Panhandlers", Frizzell was a well-known character in the Bowery.

Whitey Sullivan 1903 Bowery panhandler later convicted of murder and sent to the electric chair.

Chinatown residents

Mock Duck 1879-1941 Chinatown Boss (crime) kingpin and tong leader.

Ha Oi 1901–? Adopted daughter of Mock Duck.

Tai Yu 1900–1910 Wife of Mock Duck.

Ah Hoon 1909 Chinatown actor and comedian who was associated with the On Leong Tong and later killed during the Tong wars.

Saloon keepers

John Allen 1830–1870 John Allen's infamous Fourth Ward dance hall operated as a brothel and was a popular underworld hangout during the 1850s and 60s. Known as "the wickedest man in New York", he and other saloon keepers battled reformers such as Oliver Dyer and Rev. A.C. Arnold who wished to rid the city of "immoral" establishments.

Theodore Allen 1833–? Born to a prominent Methodist family, Allen was a criminal figure and underworld fence known as "The Dive Keeper" or simply "The Allen", who financed a number of illegal gambling operations and similar establishments. Owner of The American Mabille, a high-class Broadway club, his brother John ran a gambling house while three other brothers were professional burglars.

Burley Bohan 1860–? Owner of The Doctor's, a popular hangout for panhandlers and professional beggars popularly known as the "Bowery Bums".

Boiled Oysters Malloy Bowery thief and saloon keeper who ran a popular Centre Street basement bar known as The Ruins. Malloy was also a criminal associate of Patsy Conroy and his gang.

Tom Bray Owner of a Thompson Street dive bar from which he operated as a criminal fence for thieves and confidence men for over forty years, Bray was reputed to be worth between $200,000 and $350,000 at the time of his death.

Johnny Camphine Camphine ran one of the most infamous dive bars in the city, often serving colored camphine or rectified turpentine oil in place of whiskey, and was said to have caused insanity and delirium tremens of least 100 patrons.

Ed Coffee A well-known sportsman, Coffee was the owner of the high-class Sixth Avenue Star and Garter. The bar was one of the most popular nightspots when it originally opened in 1878 and featured Billy Patterson as its head bartender.

Dan The Dude 1900–1910 Saloon keeper, political "fixer" and underworld figure involved in illegal gambling.

Shang Draper 1839–1883 Saloon keeper and underworld figure sometimes associated with George Leonidas Leslie and his gang.

Barney Flynn Chatham Square saloon keeper whose Doyers Street saloon, located across the street from the famed Callahan's Dance Hall, was a popular drinking establishment among Irish-Americans during the turn of the 20th century.

Owney Geogheghan 1840–1885 Owner of a Bowery dive bar, located next to the high-class Winsor Palace, and was the scene of violence and muggings by "lush workers", blackjack artists and pickpockets.

Kate Flannery A female bouncer who worked for "One-Armed" Charley Monell's Hole-in-the-Wall saloon along with Gallus Mag.

Harry Hill 1827–1896 British-born sportsman and gambler whose West Houston Street gambling resort remained one of the most popular places in the city for over three decades until its close in 1886.

Jimmy Kelly Owner of a Bowery dive bar and was a criminal associate of the Eastman Gang.

Jimmy Lee Owner of The Dump with Slim Reynolds, a popular Bowery hangout for panhanders, confidence men and other members of the underworld.

Gallus Mag 1850–1870 English-born street mugger and thief. She worked as a female bouncer for "One-Armed" Charley Monell in his Hole-in-the-Wall saloon with Kate Flannery. She is said to have kept a collection of human ears, bitten off during fights with unruly customers and waterfront criminals, which she displayed in pickled jars on the saloon's bar.

Billy McGlory 1853–? Five Points saloon keeper and owner of a number of popular establishments throughout the city. A criminal associate of the Forty Thieves and the Chichesters in his youth, McGlory's Armory Hall on Hester Street remained a popular Bowery hangout for members of the underworld in the Fourth and Sixth Wards during the 1870s and 80s.

Mallet Murphy A popular Bowery saloon keeper, his nickname was attributed to his use of a wooden mallet as a weapon against unruly customers and to defend his bar against criminals. His Battle Row saloon was used as the headquarters of the Gopher Gang during the turn of the 20th century.

Mersher Miller Saloon keeper known as "Mersher The Strong Arm", who owned a Norfolk Street beer house at the turn of the 20th century. His bar was later the scene of a gunbattle when Johnny Spanish attempted to rob the bar and the patrons.

Peter Mitchell Owner of a saloon at Wooster and Prince Streets, he quickly amassed a small fortune of $350,000 within two years. Finding religion in his later years, he eventually committed suicide by hanging himself to a whiskey tap out of guilt for the way he had acquired his wealth.

Charley Monell Known as "One Armed Charlie", Monell was the longtime owner of the Dover Street saloon the Hole-in-the-Wall where Kate Flannery and Gallus Mag were employed as bouncers.

Billy Patterson A popular bartender widely regarded as the "finest drink mixer in the city", Patterson's mysterious assault while working at the Star and Garter gave rise to an early urban legend and inspired the phrase "Who struck Billy Patterson?" which became a common phrase used to describe an unsolved crime.

Jack Pioggi Owner of a Doyers Street drinking den, near Chinatown's infamous Bloody Angle, and was later a business associate of Chick Tricker. He was also the older brother of Louis "Louie the Lump" Poggi.

Slim Reynolds He and fellow saloon keeper Jimmy Lee ran a popular Bowery hangout and meeting place for members of the underworld, particularly panhandlers, known as The Dump.

Mush Riley 1870–1878 Acquiring his particular nickname for his fondness of corn meal mush dipped in hot brandy, Riley was the owner of a Center Street dive bar and criminal associate of many underworld figures.

Mike Salter 1868–1922 Owner of a popular Pell Street resort, the Pelham, Irving Berlin worked there as a singing waiter prior to becoming a professional ragtime musician and later performed at the club during his early career.

Frank Stephenson Bowery saloon keeper and owner of the Bleecker Street basement bar The Black and Tan. One of the first saloons to cater to African-Americans, it competed directly against neighboring establishments such as Harry Hill's gambling resort and Billy McGlory's Armory Hall among others.

Sportsmen

Jim Corbett 1866–1933 Heavyweight boxing champion during the 1890s, he defeated John L. Sullivan for the title and held it for over five years. Following his retirement, Corbett settled in Bayside, Queens and became a regular performer in minstrel shows and silent films. He was one of many sportsmen involved in the Chuck Conners Association.

Bob Fitzsimmons 1863–1917 British-born boxer who defeated Jim Corbett for the heavyweight boxing championship in 1897. He was a member of the Chuck Conners Association.

Tom Heenan 1833–1873 Bare-knuckle boxer known as "Benicia Boy", who defeated Tom Hyer for heavyweight boxing championship in 1853. He eventually lost the title to John Morrissey.

Joe Humphreys 1872–1936 Boxing official and announcer who co-owned the Chinese Theater with actor Raymond Hitchcock during the Tong wars.

Tom Hyer 1819–1864 Pugilist and bare-knuckle boxer recognized as the American heavyweight boxing champion after defeating Country McCleester in one of the city's most memorable bouts.

Jim Jefferies 1875–1953 Pugilist who defeated Bob Fitzsimmons for the Heavyweight boxing championship and defended from 1899 until his retirement in 1905. He was also associated with the Young Chuck Conners Association.

John L. Sullivan 1858–1918 Pugilist and bare-knuckle boxer who dominated the sport during the late 19th century.

Steve Taylor 1851–1895? Pugilist and bare-knuckle boxer who fought and lost to John L. Sullivan in his first New York appearance. Later became a New York politician under Boss Tweed. Yankee Sullivan 1811–1856 One of the top bare-knuckle boxers during the 1840s, he was also an ally of John Morrissey against the nativist Know-Nothing movement.

Murder Inc

Benjamin Bugsy Siegel - was a gangster associated with the Lucky Luciano. He was also a member of Murder Inc and after moving out of New York, was a prime mover behind developing the Las Vegas Strip. He was killed in 1947. - Birthdate: February 28, 1906 Sun Sign: Pisces Birthplace: Brooklyn, New York, United States Died: June 20, 1947 Notorious mobster Bugsy Siegel held significant influence within the Italian-American Mafia and was regarded as a “celebrity gangster.” Good-looking and charismatic, he was an enigmatic figure. He played a key role in the development of the Las Vegas Strip. Noted for his prowess with guns, he met a grisly end when he was shot dead in 1947.

Charles "Lucky" Luciano - was an Italian-American mobster, considered the founder and father of organized crime in America and the most powerful Mafia boss of all time. Luciano split power between the Five Families - Bonanno, Colombo, Gambino, Genovese, and Lucchese - in a power sharing arrangement known as The Commission to avoid the type of bloody wars he fought to put himself into power.

Arnold Rothstein - was a New York mob kingpin at the turn of the 20th century. Known as "The Brain", it was rumoured that he fixed the 1919 World Series. He is regarded to be the person who transformed organized crime into a business. He was murdered in 1928.

Meyer Lansky - a longtime partner of Lucky Luciano, was considered to be one of the most powerful criminals in the United States. Known as an accountant for the mob, his criminal speciality was gambling. He established casinos worldwide including in Las Vegas and Cuba. He was never convicted on charges more serious than illegal gambling and died of lung cancer in 1982.

Dutch Schultz - was a New York City gangster who made his fortune in bootlegging. He was a particular target of prosecutor Thomas Dewey. In 1935 when Schultz attempted to kill Dewey against the orders of the Five Families, he was killed.

Tammany Hall Bosses Jimmy Hines - was the most powerful Tammany Hall boss in the 1930s and 1940s., ruling out of Manhattan's Eleventh Assembly District. He had close ties to mobster Lucky Luciano and Gangster "Dutch" Schultz. He was convicted on convicted on 13 counts of racketeering and served five years in jail.

John Gotti - also known as "The Dapper Don" for his expensive clothes and "The Teflon Don" for his acquittal in three high-profile trials in the 1980s was head of the Gambino crime family. He came to power through the assassination of Paul Castellano in 1985. In 1992, Gotti was convicted of five murders, conspiracy to commit murder, racketeering, obstruction of justice, illegal gambling, extortion, tax evasion, and loansharking. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole and died of throat cancer in 2002.

Henry Hill Jr. - (June 11, 1943 – June 12, 2012) was an American mobster who was associated with the Lucchese crime family of New York City from 1955 until 1980, when he was arrested on narcotics charges ... Date of birth: 11 June 1943 Date of death: 12 June 2012 Age: 69 (age at death) Nationality: American Occupation: Criminal Gender: Male Height: 5' 8" (173 cm)

Carmine Agnello - Carmine "The Bull" Agnello (born 1960) is a New York mobster from the Gambino crime family who ran a scrap metal recycling operation. Date of birth: 5 July 1960 Age: 62 Nationality: American Occupation: Criminal Gender: Male Partner: Danielle Vangar Topalian (Married)

James Burke - (born James Conway), also known as Jimmy the Gent, and The Irishman (July 5, 1931 – April 13, 1996), was an American gangster and Lucchese crime family associate who is believed to have ... Date of birth: 5 July 1931 Date of death: 13 April 1996 Age: 64 (age at death) Nationality: American Occupation: Criminal Gender: Male

Leroy 'Nicky' Barnes - Leroy Nicholas Barnes (October 15, 1933 – June 18, 2012) was an American crime boss, active in New York City during the 1970s. Date of birth: 15 October 1933 Date of death: 18 June 2012 Age: 78 (age at death) Nationality: American Occupation: Criminal Gender: Male

Owney Madden - Owen Vincent Madden (December 18, 1891 – April 24, 1965), known as Owney Madden and nicknamed "The Killer", was a leading underworld figure in Manhattan, most notable for his involvement in organized crime ... Date of birth: 18 December 1891 Date of death: 24 April 1965 Age: 73 (age at death) Nationality: American Occupation: Criminal Gender: Male

Santiago Luis Polanco Rodríguez - (born June 16, 1961) is a Dominican American former drug dealer considered to be the first mass marketer of crack cocaine in United States. He is also known by his street ... Date of birth: 16 June 1961 Age: 61 Nationality: Dominican Occupation: Criminal

Frank DeCicco - (November 5, 1935 – April 13, 1986), also known as Frankie D and Frankie Cheech, was an American mobster and the underboss for the Gambino crime family in New York City. Date of birth: 5 November 1935 Date of death: 13 April 1986 Age: 50 (age at death) Nationality: Italian Occupation: Criminal Gender: Male

Steven Crea - Steven Lorenzo Crea (born July 18, 1947), is an American mobster. He is a member of the Mafia (Cosa Nostra) and the current street boss of the Lucchese crime family. Date of birth: 18 July 1947 Age: 75

Jack Diamond - Jack "Legs" Diamond (possibly born John Thomas Diamond, though disputed; July 10, 1897 – December 18, 1931), also known as Gentleman Jack, was an Irish American gangster in Philadelphia and New York City ... Date of birth: 10 July 1897 Date of death: 18 December 1931 Age: 34 (age at death) Occupation: Criminal

Bumpy Johnson - Ellsworth Raymond "Bumpy" Johnson (October 31, 1905 – July 7, 1968) was an American drug trafficker in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. Date of birth: 31 October 1905 Date of death: 7 July 1968 Age: 62 (age at death) Occupation: Criminal

Dutch Schultz - (born Arthur Simon Flegenheimer; August 6, 1901 – October 24, 1935) was an American mobster. Based in New York City in the 1920s and 1930s, he made his fortune in organized crime-related ... Date of birth: 6 August 1901 Date of death: 24 October 1935 Age: 34 (age at death) Nationality: American Occupation: Criminal Gender: Male Height: 5' 7" (170 cm)

William Bentvena - William "Billy Batts" Bentvena (January 19, 1921 – June 12, 1970), also known as William Devino, was a New York mobster with the Gambino crime family who was a longtime friend of John Gotti in the 1960s ... Date of birth: 19 January 1921 Date of death: 12 June 1970 Age: 49 (age at death) Occupation: Criminal

Red Dillard Morrison - Dillard Morrison Sr. (1919-1989) — known as "Red" Dillard — was an American mob boss and enforcer in New York City's Harlem neighborhood. Once called the "most dangerous man in the country" by federal ... Date of birth: 1919 Date of death: 30 July 1989 Age: 70 (age at death) Occupation: Criminal

Alpo Martinez - Albert Geddis Martinez, better known as Alpo Martinez, Abraham G. Rodriquez witness protection, or more simply as Alpo or Po (June 8, 1966 – October 31, 2021) was an American drug dealer of Puerto Rican ... Date of birth: 8 June 1966 Date of death: 31 October 2021 Age: 55 (age at death) Occupation: Criminal

Wallace Rice - (born circa 1933) is a gangster who was part of the 1970s heroin trade in Harlem, New York. Rice was one of the seven members of The Council that included Leroy "Nicky" Barnes, known as "Mr ... Date of birth: 1933 Age: 89 Nationality: American Occupation: Criminal

Joseph Armone - Joseph "Piney" Armone, also known as Shorty, (September 13, 1917 – February 23, 1992) was a gangster in the Gambino crime family who served as underboss. Date of birth: 13 September 1917 Date of death: 23 February 1992 Age: 74 (age at death) Nationality: American Occupation: Criminal

Benedetto Aloi - Benedetto "Benny" Aloi (October 6, 1935 – April 7, 2011) was a New York City mobster who became consigliere of the Colombo crime family. Aloi was a main figure in the "Windows Case". Date of birth: 6 October 1935 Date of death: 7 April 2011 Age: 75 (age at death) Occupation: Criminal

Vincent Alo - Vincent "Jimmy Blue Eyes" Alo (May 26, 1904 – March 9, 2001) was a New York mobster and a high-ranking capo in the Genovese crime family who set up casino operations with mob associate Meyer Lansky in ... Date of birth: 26 May 1904 Date of death: 9 March 2001 Age: 96 (age at death) Occupation: Criminal

Casper Holstein - (December 7, 1876 – April 5, 1944) was a prominent New York mobster involved in the Harlem "numbers rackets" during the Harlem Renaissance. He, along with his occasional rival St ... Date of birth: 7 December 1876 Date of death: 5 April 1944 Age: 67 (age at death) Nationality: American Occupation: Criminal

Al Capone - Co-Founder & Boss of the 'Chicago Outfit' Crime Family) - Birthdate: January 17, 1899 Sun Sign: Capricorn Birthplace: Brooklyn, New York, United States Died: January 25, 1947 Al Capone, also known by the nickname Scarface, was one of the most notorious American gangsters who controlled the organised crime in Chicago between 1925 and 1931. He was known for violence and cruelty in eliminating rival gang members, the most infamous incident being the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre. His life inspired numerous books and films.

Michael Franzese - Birthdate: May 27, 1951 Sun Sign: Gemini Birthplace: Brooklyn, New York, United States Michael Franzese's story of being an influential member of the Colombo crime family to becoming a motivational speaker and writer inspired several works of art, including Martin Scorsese's 1990 film Goodfellas where he was played by actor Joseph Bono. In 1986, he was named in Fortune magazine's list of Fifty Most Wealthy and Powerful Mafia Bosses.

Jordan Belfort - (Author of 'The Wolf of Wall Street') - Birthdate: July 9, 1962 Sun Sign: Cancer Birthplace: The Bronx, New York, United States The former stock broker, who was convicted for stock-market manipulation and cheating several investors, Jordan Belfort spent 22 months in prison before he was released and altered his way of living. Using his life experiences, he became a motivational speaker and also authored two memoirs, one of which, The Wolf of Wall Street, was adapted into an award winning film.

Frank Abagnale - (Impostor, Fraudster) - Birthdate: April 27, 1948 Sun Sign: Taurus Birthplace: Bronxville, New York, United States Frank Abagnale’s life story inspired the film Catch Me If You Can. He was a con man, imposter and did check forgery from the age 15 to 21. He assumed the identities of an airline pilot, a physician and a lawyer, among others. He was eventually arrested and after spending few years in prison started working for the federal government.

David Berkowitz - (Serial Killer) - Birthdate: June 1, 1953 Sun Sign: Gemini Birthplace: Brooklyn, New York, U.S. A convicted serial killer, David Berkowitz is believed to have killed six people and wounded seven others. He eluded the police for several months before being captured. He is currently serving six consecutive life sentences in the maximum-security prison, Shawangunk Correctional Facility. He was popularized by the media under the name “Son of Sam.”

Griselda Blanco - (Colombian Drug Lady of the Medellín Cartel) - Birthdate: February 15, 1943 Sun Sign: Aquarius Birthplace: Cartagena, Colombia Died: September 3, 2012 Griselda Blanco, also known as La Madrina and the Black Widow, was the first billionaire female drug lord. As part of the Medellin Cartel, she smuggled cocaine from Colombia into Miami, New York, and Southern California. She spent 15 years in jail and was shot dead by an unidentified motorcyclist.

Pamela Smart - (Murder Conspiracy Convict) - Birthdate: August 16, 1967 Sun Sign: Leo Birthplace: Coral Gables, Florida, United States Florida-based Pamela Smart made headlines when she was charged with plotting the murder of her husband, Greggory Smart, with her 15-year-old boyfriend, William "Billy" Flynn, and three of his friends. She was eventually convicted and is now serving a life sentence in a maximum-security New York prison.

Henry Hill - Birthdate: June 11, 1943 Sun Sign: Gemini Birthplace: New York City, New York, United States Died: June 12, 2012 Henry Hill was a mobster from New York’s Lucchese crime family, who later testified against his former associates. His life inspired the book Wiseguy: Life in a Mafia Family and the film Goodfellas. He was associated with crimes such as gambling, drug trafficking, and high-profile robberies at the JFK Airport.

John Gotti - (American Gangster and Boss of the 'Gambino Crime Family') - Birthdate: October 27, 1940 Sun Sign: Scorpio Birthplace: Bronx, New York, United States Died: June 10, 2002 John Gotti was the boss of the Gambino crime family, described as America's most powerful crime syndicate. It made millions per year from criminal activities like racketeering, loan sharking, drug trafficking, prostitution, extortion, pornography and illegal gambling. The FBI convicted him in 1992 and he was sentenced to life in prison without parole and later died of throat cancer.

Joe Gallo - (Mobster) - Birthdate: April 7, 1929 Sun Sign: Aries Birthplace: New York, New York, United States Died: April 7, 1972 Italian-American gangster Joe Gallo, nicknamed "Crazy Joe,” was part of New York’s Colombo crime family. Initially an associate of the Profaci crime family, Gallo was later involved in the First Colombo War. He was suspected of launching an attack on Joseph Colombo and was shot dead on his 43rd birthday.

Paul Castellano - (American Crime Boss and Head of the Gambino Crime Family) - Birthdate: June 26, 1915 Sun Sign: Cancer Birthplace: New York City, New York, United States Died: December 16, 1985 Popularly known as the Howard Hughes of the Mob, Paul Castellano was the head of the Gambino crime family. He played such a prominent role in the American underworld that he was later portrayed in several films, such as Gotti, Witness to the Mob, and The Big Heist.

(American Crime Boss and Head of the Gambino Crime Family) Paul Castellano 19 7 Listed In: Gangsters Birthdate: June 26, 1915 Sun Sign: Cancer Birthplace: New York City, New York, United States Died: December 16, 1985 Popularly known as the Howard Hughes of the Mob, Paul Castellano was the head of the Gambino crime family. He played such a prominent role in the American underworld that he was later portrayed in several films, such as Gotti, Witness to the Mob, and The Big Heist.

James Burke - (Mobster) - Birthdate: July 5, 1931 Sun Sign: Cancer Birthplace: New York, New York, United States Died: April 13, 1996

Mickey Cohen - (American Gangster) - Birthdate: September 4, 1913 Sun Sign: Virgo Birthplace: Brooklyn, New York, United States Died: July 29, 1976 Mickey Cohen was a gangster who became involved with the Chicago Outfit before running multiple businesses like casinos, nightclubs, gas stations, and floral shops. His association with the underworld and his violent methods make him a popular choice for gangster character in crime films; he has been portrayed by popular actors in films like Bugsy, L.A. Confidential, and Gangster Squad.

Timothy McVeigh - (American Domestic Terrorist Who Was Responsible for the 1995 ‘Oklahoma City Bombing’) - Birthdate: April 23, 1968 Sun Sign: Taurus Birthplace: Lockport, New York, United States Died: June 11, 2001 A Gulf War veteran, Timothy McVeigh made headlines after carrying out the Oklahoma City bombing that killed 168 people. He defended his actions saying that he wanted to inspire a revolution against what he considered a tyrannical government. The bombing remains the most malignant act of domestic terrorism in American history. He was executed by lethal injection in 2001.

Sammy Gravano - (American Mobster Best Known as the Underboss of the 'Gambino Crime Family') - Birthdate: March 12, 1945 Sun Sign: Pisces Birthplace: Brooklyn, New York, United States Sammy Gravano, also known as “Sammy the Bull,” was initially part of the Colombo crime family and later the underboss of the Gambino crime family. He became a government witness against John Gotti, the Gambino family boss. He was also involved in the murder of Gambino boss Paul Castellano.

Danny Porush - (Fraudster) - Birthdate: 1957 Sun Sign: Aquarius Birthplace: Lawrence, New York Entrepreneur and former stock broker Daniel Mark Porush, better known as Danny Porush, was convicted of fraud and money laundering at Stratton Oakmont, a brokerage house. Following his 39-month prison sentence, he began working with Med-Care. He inspired the character Donnie Azoff in The Wolf of Wall Street.

Gloria Swanson - Gloria Swanson - March 27, 1899 to April 4, 1983

Episcopal Church of the Heavenly Rest - 2 E 90th St at Fifth Avenue - Founded in 1865, the church was originally located on the ne corner of Fifth Avenue and 45th Street, and created as a memorial dead for American Civil War soldiers. This 3 million neo-Gothic styled church opened on Easter Sunday on March 31th, 1929 (less than 7 months before the Stock Market Crash on Black Tuesday, October 29th), on land owned by Andrew Carnegie's widow.

Ulysses S Grant - Apr. 27, 1822 to Jul. 23, 1885

General Grant National Memorial - West 122nd Street and Riverside Drive - Overlooking the Hudson River, North Americas largest tomb and mausoleum is a $600,000 memorial to the life and accomplishments of President Ulysses S Grant (elected twice 1868 and 1872). His wife Julia Dent Grant also joins him on the location that was opened on April 27, 1897, with her own tomb.

James Varick - January 10, 1750 to July 22, 1828

Mother AME Zion Church - 146 W. 137th Street - Founded in 1796, this church first opened in October, 1800 at 158 Church Street (corner of Leonard Street). The first bishop of the church was James Varick, who organized this Freedom Church that was a stop on the Underground Railroad. It was the first African American church that moved to Harlem (in 1914), its present location opened in 1925. James Varick was first buried in Washington, DC, at the Colored Union Cemetery (now called Woodlawn), before his remains were moved to a crypt in this historic Harlem church.

Preserved Fish - July 3, 1766 to July 23, 1846

New York City Marble Cemetery - 52-74 East 2nd Street, between Second and First Avenues

James Monroe - April 28, 1758 to July 4, 1831

New York City Marble Cemetery - 52-74 East 2nd Street, between Second and First Avenues

Marinus Willet - July 31, 1740 to August 22, 1830

New York City Marble Cemetery - 52-74 East 2nd Street, between Second and First Avenues

Lillian Gish

Saint Bartholomew's Episcopal Church - 325 Park Avenue - Lillian and her sister Dorothy are buried in this church

Dorothy Gish

Saint Bartholomew's Episcopal Church - 325 Park Avenue - Dorothy and her sister are buried in this church

Alexander Hamilton - January 11, 1755 to July 12, 1804

Trinity Churchyard - 89 Broadway between Thames & Rector Streets

Jerry Orbach - October 20, 1935 to December 28, 2004

Trinity Churchyard - 89 Broadway between Thames & Rector Streets

Gentleman Jim Corbett - September 01, 1866 to February 18, 1933

Cypress Hills Cemetery - Brooklyn

Jackie Robinson - January 31, 1919 to October 24, 1972

Cypress Hills Cemetery - Brooklyn

Mae West - August 17, 1893 to November 22, 1980

Cypress Hills Cemetery - Brooklyn

Memorial for Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire - March 25, 1911

The Evergreens Cemetery - Brooklyn

Bill Bojangles Robinson - May 25, 1877 to November 25, 1949

The Evergreens Cemetery - Brooklyn

Montgomery Clift - October 17, 1920 to July 23, 1966

Friends Quaker Cemetery - Brooklyn

Henry Rutgers - October 7, 1745 to February 17, 1830

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Duncan Phyfe - 1768 to August 16, 1854

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

DeWitt Clinton - March 2, 1769 to February 11, 1828

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

William Colgate - January 25, 1783 to March 25, 1857

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Peter Cooper - February 12, 1791 to April 4, 1883

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Samuel Morse - April 27, 1791 to April 2, 1872

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

James Harper - April 13, 1795 to March 27, 1869

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

James Gordon Bennett - September 1, 1795 to June 1, 1872

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

George Catlin - July 26, 1796 to December 23, 1872

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Asher Brown Durand - August 21, 1796 to September 17, 1886

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Henry Englehard Steinway - February 15, 1797 to February 7, 1871

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

James Bogardus - March 14, 1800 to April 13, 1874

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Jacob Aaron Westervelt - June 20, 1800 to February 21, 1879

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

John Matthews - 1808 to January 12, 1870

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Horace Greeley - February 3, 1811 to November 29, 1872

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Charles Lewis Tiffany - February 15, 1812 to February 18, 1902

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Nathaniel Currier - March 27, 1813 to November 20, 1888

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Henry Ward Beecher - June 24, 1813 to March 8, 1887

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Edwin P. Christy - May. 21, 1815 to May 21, 1862

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

James Renwick Jr. - November 1, 1818 to June 23, 1895

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Thomas Hyer - January 1, 1819 to June 26, 1864

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Edward Robinson Squibb - July 4, 1819 to October 25, 1900

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Lola Montez - February 17, 1821 to January 17, 1861

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

William 'Bill The Butcher' Poole - July, 1821 to March 8, 1855

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

William 'Boss' Tweed - April 3, 1823 to April 12, 1878

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

James Merritt Ives - March 5, 1824 to January 3, 1895

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Charles Pfizer - March 22, 1824 to October 19, 1906

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Jacob Wrey Mould - August 7, 1825 to June 14, 1886

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Abraham Jacobi - May 6, 1830 to July 19, 1919

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Pierre Lorillard - October 13, 1833 to July 2, 1901

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

John Lafarge - March 31, 1835 to November 14, 1910

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Frederick Augustus Otto Schwarz - October 18, 1836 to May 17, 1911

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Charles Tyson Yerkes - June 25, 1837 to December 29, 1905

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Jim Creighton - April 15, 1841 to October 18, 1862

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Charles Feltman - November 8, 1841 to September 20, 1910

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Louis Comfort Tiffany - February 18, 1848 to January 17, 1933

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Seth Low - January 18, 1850 to September 17, 1916

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

John Reisenweber - October 7, 1851 to August 9, 1931

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Charles Ebbets - October 29, 1859 to April 18, 1925

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

George Tilyou - February 3, 1862 to November 30, 1914

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Charles 'Mile-A-Minute Murphy - October, 1870 to February 17, 1950

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Violet Oakley - June 10, 1874 to February 25, 1961

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

John Torrio - February, 1882 to April 6, 1957

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

George Wesley - August 12, 1882 to January 8, 1925

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Frank Morgan - June 1, 1890 to September 18, 1949

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Joey Crazy Gallo - April 7, 1929 to April 7, 1972

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Albert Anastasia - February 26, 1902 to October 25, 1957

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Leonard Bernstein - August 25, 1918 to October 14, 1990

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Jean-Michel Basquiat - Dec. 22, 1960 to August 12, 1988

Green-Wood Cemetery - Brooklyn

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Willem Kieft

Gregory Peterson - Executed by Firing squad August 5, 1639 - Unknown act of mutiny; soldier of the Fort Amsterdam garrison; first execution in New York (Manhattan)

Jan Creoli - Executed by Asphyxiation (and posthumous burning) June 25, 1646 - Sodomy (charged with "Sodomy, buggery, and bestiality")

Good Characters Executed In NY Under Henry Sloughter

Jacob Leisler - Hung on May 16, 1691 - Treason after leading Leisler's Rebellion

Wronged Characters Executed In NY Under Robert Hunter

25 people April 1712 Hanging, burning, breaking upon a wheel

Caesar

John Hughson

More coming

Wronged Characters Executed In NY Under George Clarke

34 people (including John Ury) - Hanging, burning during April 1741

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under William Tryon

Thomas Hickey - Hung June 28, 1776 Irish-born British soldier/deserter convicted of mutiny, sedition and treason against the patriots; he was the first person executed for treason against what would become the United States. He was jailed for passing counterfeit money, tried and executed for above-referenced charges.

Nathan Hale - Hung September 22, 1776 - Convicted of spying for General George Washington, from Connecticut. Last words reported to be "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country". A statue is in NYC's "City Hall Park".

Jacob Middagh - Hung May 12, 1777 - Levying war against the state of New York

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under George Clinton

Stephen Grimes 1785 Robbery

John Benson 23 September 1785 Housebreaking/Burglary

James Carr 1786 Housebreaking/Burglary

William Wright 1786 Robbery

John Slocum 4 September 1786 "Horse stealing"

Caleb Gardner 15 September 1786 Passing counterfeit Spanish dollars

Thomas Lee c. 29 December 1786 Housebreaking/Burglary

John Lupton 22 May 1789 Robbery

Francis Uss 11 July 1789 Breaking open and burglarizing a business establishment in Poughkeepsie, New York

Anthony Cornish 3 August 1789 Murder

Henry McKinney 18 December 1789 Robbery

Timothy Jackson 18 December 1789 Robbery

William Glover 4 June 1790 Robbery

Negro Piets 10 December 1790 Rape

Samuel Cook (or Samuel Cooke) 24 June 1791 Forgery

Whiting Sweeting 26 August 1791 Murder of Albany County Constable Darius Quimby on 3 January 1791

William Erskine 5 October 1791 Rape

John Young 17 August 1797 Murder of New York Deputy Sheriff Robert Berwick 1797

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Daniel D. Tompkins

James McLean 28 August 1807 Hanging Murder of William Orr

Alpheus Hitchcock 11 September 1807 Murder of his wife, Belinda (née Bailey) Hitchcock

Rufus Hill 12 August 1808 Murder of Mary Sisson

Thomas Qua 12 August 1808 Murder of his wife, Margaret Qua

James Dougherty 6 August 1813 Murder of John Wait

John Black, Mahlon Christie, Isaac Kent, and George Orcote 4 June 1814 (other accounts indicate date was in the spring of 1812 or around New Year's Eve 1813) Shot Desertion

James Graham 29 July 1814 Hanging Murders of Hugh Cameron and Alexander McGiffrey

Mary Antoine 30 September 1814 "[K]illed a 'female' who had 'alienated her husband's affection'"; daughter of Abram Antoine [q.v.]; first reported execution of a woman in the State of New York.

Charles Thompson and James Peters (aka Peterson) August 1815 Murder of James Burba

Barent Becker 6 October 1815 Murder of his wife, Ann Becker

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under DeWitt Clinton

James Hamilton 6 November 1818 Murder of U.S. Rifle Corps Major Benjamin Birdsall

John Van Alstine (aka Van Alstyne) 19 March 1819 Murder of Schoharie County Deputy Sheriff William Huddleston

James "Coe" Teed 16 April 1819 Murder of his uncle, Richard Jennings, over property dispute. First "murder for hire" in New York state

David Dunning 16 April 1819 Murder of Richard Jennings Abram (or Abraham) Antoine 12 September 1823 "[For] avenging the execution of his daughter Mary Antoine [q.v.] by murdering the man [John Jacobs] whose testimony hanged her."

Peggy Facto 18 March 1825 Murder of her newborn daughter (possibly killed the child the year before). Co-defendant/lover Francis LaBarre acquitted

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under William L. Marcy

William Enoch 12 January 1835 Murder of his wife

John Hallock 2 July 1836 Murder of a black woman

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under William H. Seward

Edward Coleman 12 January 1839 Murder of his wife

Samuel Johnson 6 July 1841 Murder of his wife

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under William C. Bouck

Antoine Geisler[21] 7 June 1844 sometime between 1 and 2 PM Murder of Alexander Smith and his wife

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Hamilton Fish

Andreas Hall 15 March 1849 Murder of Amy Smith (also responsible for two others, but sentenced only for Smith)

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Washington Hunt

Aaron B. Stookey 19 September 1851 Murder of Edward Moore

Otto Grunsig 27 February 1852 Murder of his wife, Victorine Grunsig

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Horatio Seymour

Nicholas Saul 28 January 1853 Murder of Charles Baxter

William Howlett 28 January 1853 Murder of Charles Baxter

Joseph Clark[24] 11 February 1853 Murder of NYPD Policeman George T. Gillespie on 10 July 1851

"Black Chas" 29 October 1853 Murder of a washerwoman for her money

Patrick Fitzgerald 15 November 1853 Murder of his wife, Margaret Fitzgerald

James L. Hoare 27 January 1854 Murder of Susan McAnnany

John Hadcock 24 February 1854 Murder of Mrs. Mary E. Gregg

Nicholas Behan 15 December 1854 Murder of James and Frances Wickham

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under John A. King

John Dorsey 17 July 1857 Murder of Ann McGirr (a.k.a. Ann Hopkins)

James Rogers 12 November 1858 Murder of John Swanson

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Edwin D. Morgan

James Stephens 3 February 1860 Murder of his wife, Sophie Stephens

William Fee - March 23, 1860 Murder (strangulation) of anonymous woman September 26, 1859 on Wayne County's old Montezuma Turnpike. The only person hanged in Wayne County.

John Crummins 30 March 1860 Murder of Dennis McHenry

Albert W. Hicks 13 July 1860 Piracy. Notable because he was the last person to be executed for this crime in the United States (although the execution of the slaver Nathaniel Gordon in 1862 was under the terms of the Piracy Law).

Nathaniel Gordon 21 February 1862 Slaver

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Reuben Fenton

Bernard Friery 17 August 1866 Murder of Harry Lazarus

Frank Ferris 19 October 1866 Murder of his wife, Mary Ferris

Henry Gardner 1 March 1867 Murder of Amasa Mullock

George Wagner 1 March 1867 Murder of his wife, Mary Wagner

Jeremiah O'Brien 9 August 1867 Murder of Lucy McLoughlin (a.k.a. Kate Smith)

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under John Thompson Hoffman

William Henry Carswell 8 January 1869 Murder of Abbey Elizabeth Sanders

Theodore Nicklas 18 March 1870 Murder of his uncle, Dr. Andrew Mead

John Reynolds 8 April 1870 Murder of William Townsend

John Real 5 August 1870 Murder of NYPD Patrolman John Smedick July 23, 1868 (Officer shot because Real wanted to kill a policeman).

John Thomas 10 March 1871 Murder of Walter Johnson

Edward Rulloff 18 May 1871 Murder of Frederick Merrick

Charles Eacker 26 May 1871 Murder of Thomas E. Burdick

Patrick Morrissey 6 September 1872 Murder of his mother. (The executioner was future President of the United States Grover Cleveland.)

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under John Adams Dix

John Gaffney 14 February 1873 Murder of Patrick Fahey. (The executioner was future President of the United States Grover Cleveland.)

William Foster 21 March 1873 Murder of Avery D. Putnam

Henry Fralick (or Fralich) 16 April 1873 Murder of Henry (or Peter) Schaffer

Michael Nixon 16 May 1873 Murder of Charles Phifer

Hiram Smith 4 December 1874 Murder of Charles Wenham

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Samuel J. Tilden

William Thompson, William Ellis and Charles Weaver (a.k.a. Charles Weston) 17 December 1875 Murder of Abraham Weisberg

Johnny Dolan 21 April 1876 Murder of James H. Noe

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Lucius Robinson

Peter H. Penwell 20 July 1877 Murder of his wife

Samuel Steenburgh (black) 19 April 1878 Murder of Jacob S. Parker

Peter Bresnahan 20 July 1878 Murder of Michael Dalthen

William Merrick 29 January 1879 Murder of his wife, Julia A. Merrick

Felix McCann 6 June 1879 Murder of J. Morris Hatch

Myron A. Buell 14 November 1879 Murder of Catharine M. Richards

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Alonzo B. Cornell

Chastine Cox 16 July 1880 Murder of Jane L. DeForest Hull

Pietro Balbo 6 August 1880 Murder of his wife, Maria Dichaco Balbo

Edward Reinhardt 14 January 1881 Murder of his wife, Mary Anne Degnan

Owen Lindsley 28 April 1881 Murder of Francis Calvin

Nathan Orlando Greenfield 2 July 1881 Murder of his wife, Alice

Joseph Abbott 6 January 1882 Murder of George Reed, a fellow Elmira Reformatory inmate

Edward Earl (a.k.a. Edward H. Poindexter) 19 February 1882 Murder of his wife

William Sindram 21 April 1882 Murder of Catharine Craves

Augustus D. Leighton 19 May 1882 Murder of Mary Dean

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Grover Cleveland

Michael E. "Mike" McGloin 9 March 1883 Murder of Louis Hanier Grover Cleveland

Pasquale Majone 9 March 1883 Murder of mother-in-law, Maria Velindino Selta

William Henry Ostrander 10 August 1883 Murder of his brother, George Stranger

Edward Hovey 19 October 1883 Murder of sister-in-law, Fanny Vermilyea

Charles Clarke 23 May 1884 Murder of his wife, Martha Clarke

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under David B. Hill

William Menken 1885 Murder of Mary Bradhoft

George H. Mills 10 April 1885 Murder of his wife

Miguel Chacon 9 July 1886 Murder of Maria Williams

Roxalana "Roxana" Druse 28 February 1887 Murder of her husband William Druse; last woman to be hanged in the State of New York

Clement Arthur Day 9 February 1888 Murder of Johanna Rosa "Josie" Cross

Oscar Beckwith 1 March 1888 Murder of Simon Vandercook

Danny Lyons 21 August 1888 Murder of Joseph Quinn

Francis Asbury Hawkins, a.k.a. Ashbury Hawkins 11 December 1888 Murder of his mother, Cynthia A. Hawkins, on 1 October 1887

Virgil Jackson 14 March 1889 Murder of Norton Metcalf

John Greenwall (né Johann Theodore Wild) 6 December 1889 Murder of Lyman Smith Weeks; last known hanging in the State of New York

William Kemmler 6 August 1890 Murder of Tillie Ziegler; first use of the electric chair in the world

Joseph Wood 7 July 1891 Murder of a fellow laborer

James Slocum 7 July 1891 Murder of his wife

Levy Smiler 7 July 1891 Murder of his mistress

Shibuya Jugiro 7 July 1891 Murder of one of his comrades

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Roswell P. Flower

Joseph Wood 2 August 1892 Murder

Carlyle Harris 7 May 1893 Murder of his wife, Helen Potts

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Levi P. Morton

Robert W. Buchanan 1 July 1895 Murder of his wife by poison

Bartholomew Shea 11 February 1896 Murder of election reformer Robert Ross Giuseppe Constantino 22 June 1897 Murder of Pietro Galliotti Frank S. Black Martin Thorn 1 August 1898 Murder and dismemberment of William Guldensuppe

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Frank S. Black

Giuseppe Constantino 22 June 1897 Murder of Pietro Galliotti Giuseppe Constantino 22 June 1897 Murder of Pietro Galliotti Frank S. Black Martin Thorn 1 August 1898 Murder and dismemberment of William Guldensuppe Martin Thorn 1 August 1898 Murder and dismemberment of William Guldensuppe

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Theodore Roosevelt

Martha M. Place 20 March 1899 Murder of her stepdaughter, Ida Place; first woman in the world to be executed by use of the electric chair.

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Benjamin Odell Jr.

Frank Vennerholm 16 July 1901 Electric chair Murder of Emily Adolphson

Leon Czolgosz 29 October 1901 Murder of U.S. President William McKinley

James P. "Whitey" Sullivan 24 March 1903 Murder of Matthew Wilson during a bank robbery

William "Goat" Hinch 6 July 1903 Murder of Matthew Wilson during a bank robbery

Patrick Conklin 9 September 1903 Murder of wife, Mary Mamie Cassidy

Willis van Wormer, Frederick van Wormer, and Burton van Wormer (brothers) 1 October 1903 Murder of their uncle, Peter Hallenbeck

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Charles Evans Hughes

Chester Gillette 30 March 1908 Murder of Grace Brown

Charles H. Rogers 20 July 1908 Murders of Fred and Willis Onley, and Alice Ingerick

Angelo Laudiero 20 July 1908 Murder of Michael DeOmbro

Mary Farmer 29 March 1909 Murder of Sarah Brennan

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under John Alden Dix

Samuel Austin 3 January 1911 Murder of his wife, Irene Austin

Dominick Ferrera 6 January 1911 Murder-Robbery of George Phelps a rent collector Albany New York

Vincent Leonardo 6 January 1911 Murder-Robbery of George Phelps a rent collector Albany New York

Samuel Ford 1 February 1911 Murder

Joseph Nesce 3 May 1911 Murder

Fred Gebhardt 12 June 1911 Murder

Joseph Nacco 26 June 1911 Murder

Giuseppi Serimarco 17 July 1911 Murder

Robert Wood 17 August 1911 Murder

Burt Brown 20 November 1911 Murder

Pietro Falletta 20 November 1911 Murder-Robbery

Frank Schermerhorn 20 November 1911 Murder-Rape

Philip Mangano 8 January 1912 Murder

Albert Wolter 29 January 1912 Murder-Rape

Charles Swenton 5 February 1912 Murder

Domenico DiPasquale 18 March 1912 Murder

Caruso, C. 20 March 1912 Murder

Salvatore Condido 6 May 1912 Murder

Nicolo Consuli 28 May 1912 Murder

Jacob Kuhn 18 June 1912 Murder-Robbery

Ralph Friedman 18 June 1912 Murder-Robbery

George Williams 8 July 1912 Murder

Giuseppe Cerelli 8 July 1912 Murder

Santo Zanza 8 July 1912 Murder of Mrs. Mary Hall

Filippo DeMarco, Angelo Giusto, Lorenzo Cali, Salvatore DeMarco and Vincenzo Cona 12 August 1912 Murder of Mrs. Mary Hall

John W. Collins 12 August 1912 Murder of police officer Michael Lynch

Joseph Ferrone 12 August 1912 Murder of his wife, Kate

John Maruszewski 14 August 1912 Murder

Matteo Dell Omo 16 December 1912 Murder

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under William Sulzer

Joseph Garfalo 10 February 1913 Murder

Donato Cardillo 10 February 1913 Murder

George Bishop 10 February 1913 Murder

Frederick Poulin 12 February 1913 Murder of Charles Leonard

William Twiman 31 March 1913 Murder

William Lingley (alias Harry Miller) 5 May 1913 Murder of Patrick Burns

John Mulraney 19 May 1913 Murder

Raffaele Ciavarella 21 May 1913 Murder

Gregorio Patini 2 June 1913 Murder

Michael Goslinski 4 June 1913 Murder

Andrew Manco 2 July 1913 Murder

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Martin H. Glynn

Nelson Sharpe 10 December 1913 Murder

Francis Mulchfeldt (clergyman) 19 January 1914 Murder-Robbery

Frank Cirofici, Harry Horowitz, Jacob Seidenshner (aka "Whitey Lewis"), and Louis Rosenberg (aka "Lefty Louie") 13 April 1914 Murder; conspiracy to commit murder (of Herman "Beansie" Rosenthal) Pietro Rebacci 22 June 1914 Murder

George Coyer 31 August 1914 Murder of his wife, Elizabeth Coyer

Giuseppe DeGioia 31 August 1914 Murder

William Bressen 2 September 1914 Murder

Joseph McKenna 2 September 1914 Murder

Michael Sarzano 9 December 1914 Murder

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Charles S. Whitman

Lee Dock and Eng Hing 5 February 1915 Murder (Tongsmen)

Vincenzo Campanelli 26 February 1915 Murder

Robert Kane 26 February 1915 Murder

Oscar Vogt 26 February 1915 Murder

Giuseppe Gino 22 March 1915 Murder

Vincenzo Buoninsegno 31 May 1915 Murder

Joseph Ferri 30 June 1915 Murder

David Dunn 2 July 1915 Murder-Robbery

Charles Becker 30 July 1915 Murder of Herman "Beansie" Rosenthal

Samuel Haynes 30 July 1915 Murder

Karol Draniewicz 27 August 1915 Murder-Robbery

William Perry 3 September 1915 Murder

Lewis Roach 3 September 1915 Murder

Antonio Salemne 3 September 1915 Murder of his wife

Thomas Tarpey 3 September 1915 Murder

Pasquale Vendetti 3 September 1915 Murder

Worthy Tolley 17 December 1915 Murder

Ludwig Marquardt 17 December 1915 Murder

Antonio Pontón 7 January 1916 Murder

Giuseppe Marendi 4 February 1916 Murder

Father Hans B. Schmidt 18 February 1916 Murder of Anna Aumüller; Schmidt remains the only Roman Catholic priest ever executed for murder in the United States

Walter Watson 3 March 1916 Murder

Charles Sprague, II 1 May 1916 Murder

Roy Champlain 2 June 1916 Murder

Giovanni Supe 2 June 1916 Murder

Oresto Shillitani (a.k.a. Harry Shields) 30 June 1916 Murder

Bradford, Allen 4 August 1916 Murder

Jan Trybus 1 September 1916 Murder-Burglary

Joseph Hanel 1 September 1916 Murder

Thomas Bambrick 7 October 1916 Murder

Charles Kumrow 19 December 1916 Murder-Robbery

Stanley Millstein 19 December 1916 Murder

Petrius C. von den Corput (a.k.a. John Hendricks) 21 April 1917 Murder

Antonio Impoluzzo 17 May 1917 Murder

Arthur Waite 24 May 1917 Murder of Hannah and John E. Peck

Arthur Waltonen 12 July 1917 Murder-Burglary of Mrs. Elizabeth B. Griggs Nichols

Joseph Mulholland 30 August 1917 Murder-Burglary of Mrs. Elizabeth B. Griggs Nichols

Alex Shuster 30 August 1917 Murder-Burglary of Mrs. Rose Zamkin

Hyman Ostransky 13 June 1918 Murder

Alvah Briggs 13 June 1918 Murder

Stephan Lischuk 13 June 1918 Murder

Johann Berg 30 August 1918 Murder

Giuseppe Roberto 30 August 1918 Murder-Robbery

Jacob Cohen 19 December 1918 Murder

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Al Smith

Alton Cleveland 9 January 1919 Murder

Giovanni Ferraro 21 March 1919 Murder

Gordon Hamby 29 January 1920 Murder-Robbery

Chester Cantine 13 May 1920 Murder

Richard "Rickey" Harrison 13 May 1920 Murder of Canadian soldier George Griffelns

James Byrd 22 July 1920 Murder of Kingston NY police officer James M Lawrence

Elmer Hyatt 29 July 1920 Murder-Patrolman William O’Brien. Badge #344. May 2, 1919.

John Egan 27 August 1920 Murder-Robbery

Frank Kelly 27 August 1920 Murder-Robbery

Walter Bojanowski 9 September 1920 Murder-Robbery

James Cassidy 9 December 1920 Murder-Robbery

Charles McLaughlin 9 December 1920 Murder-Robbery

Joseph Milano 9 December 1920 Murder-Robbery

Joseph Usefof 9 December 1920 Murder-Robbery

Howard Baker 9 December 1920 Murder-Burglary

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Nathan L. Miller

Augustin Sanchez 27 January 1921 Murder-Robbery

Henry Garcia 27 January 1921 Murder

Jess Walker 10 February 1921 Murder-Robbery

Guy Nichols 13 March 1921 Murder-Robbery

James Odell 29 April 1921 Murder

Michael Casalino 5 May 1921 Murder-Robbery

John Bulge 21 July 1921 Murder

Harry Van Reed 1 September 1921 Murder-Robbery

Angelo Giordano 1 September 1921 Murder

Edward McNally 15 September 1921 Murder

George Brazee 15 December 1921 Murder

Raymond Mulford 12 January 1922 Murder-Robbery

Edward Persons 12 January 1922 Murder

William Marweg 12 January 1922 Murder-Robbery

Floyd Slover 2 February 1922 Murder-Robbery

Harry Givner 2 February 1922 Murder-Robbery

George McCormick 2 March 1922 Murder

Lawrence Kubal 23 March 1922 Murder-Rape-Robbery

Lawrence Torrence 20 April 1922 Murder-Burglary

Julius Rosenwasser 8 June 1922 Murder-Robbery

Alberto Librero 8 June 1922 Murder-Robbery

Luigi Ebanista 8 June 1922 Murder-Robbery

William Bell 15 June 1922 Murder

Michael Rossi 29 June 1922 Murder

Saito Taizo 20 July 1922 Murder

Peter Nunziato 20 July 1922 Murder-Robbery

Luther Boddy 31 August 1922 Murder

Herbert Smith 31 August 1922 Murder-Burglary

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Al Smith

Henry Brown 25 January 1923 Murder

Arlie Westling 15 February 1923 Murder-Robbery

Joseph Zampelli 15 February 1923 Murder-Robbery

Anthony Rabasvotch 1 March 1923 Murder

William Evans 26 April 1923 Murder

Joseph Alfano 26 April 1923 Murder

Michael Fradiano 26 April 1923 Murder

Thomas Lester 7 June 1923 Murder

Thomas Kindlon 7 June 1923 Murder

Key Smith 22 June 1923 Murder

George Hacker Jr. 13 December 1923 Murder

Abraham Becker 13 December 1923 Murder

Antonio Viandante 10 April 1924 Murder

Reuben Norkin 17 April 1924 Murder

Alberigo Mastrota 12 June 1924 Murder

Eulogia Lozado 24 July 1924 Murder of Blossom Martin, a nurse; both Lozado and Martin worked in the same doctor's office.

John Emieleta 8 January 1925 Murder and robbery of Lee Jong

John Rys (a.k.a. Joseph Adams) 8 January 1925 Murder and robbery of Lee Jong

Ambrose Geary 15 January 1925 Murder-Robbery

Harry Malcolm 15 January 1925 Murder-Robbery

Edward Smith 15 January 1925 Murder-Robbery

Morris Diamond, Joseph Diamond and John Farina April 30, 1925 Murder of the West End bank messengers in Brooklyn

Florencio Lerma 22 January 1925 Murder

Julius William Miller (a.k.a. "Yellow Charleston)[79] 17 September 1925 Murder of Barron Wilkins

Emil Klatt 28/29 January 1926 Murder

Luigi Rapito 28/29 January 1926 Murder of Asa Kline

Ernest Mimms 4 February 1926 Murder

Matthew Wasser 4 February 1926 Murder-Robbery

Frank Daley 24 June 1926 Murder-Robbery

Sam Wing 15 July 1926 Murder

David DeMaio 19 August 1926 Murder-Robbery

William Hoyer 19 August 1926 Murder-Robbery

Cosimo Brescia 26 August 1926 Murder

John Garguila 26 August 1926 Murder-Robbery

John Brennan (policeman) 2 December 1926 Murder

John Maxwell 9 December 1926 Murder-Robbery

Casimir Barszyouk and William Barszyouk 9 December 1926 Murder-Robbery

Charles Goldson 6 January 1927 Murder-Robbery (of a Manhattan night watchman)

Edgar Humes 6 January 1927 Murder-Robbery

George Williams 6 January 1927 Murder-Robbery

Benjamin Bradley 13 January 1927 Murder-Robbery

Michael Kosmowski 20 January 1927 Murder

Paul Hilton 17 February 1927 Murder

Antonio "Tony the Shoemaker" Paretti. - 17 February 1927 Murders of Nicholas Morello and Charles Ubriaco

Giuseppe Friia 17 March 1927 Murder

Giuseppe Provenzano 17 March 1927 Murder

Peter Heslin 21 July 1927 Murder

Charles Albrecht 29 September 1927 Murder

George Ricci 16 December 1927 Murder

Peter Seiler 16 December 1927 Murder-Robbery

Charles Doran 5 January 1928 Murder-Robbery

Louis Mason 5 January 1928 Murder-Robbery

Ruth Brown Snyder 12 January 1928 Murder of her husband Albert Snyder with her lover, Judd Gray

Judd Gray 12 January 1928 Murder of Ruth Snyder's husband, Albert Snyder

Phillip Ecker 1 March 1928 Murder

William Wagner Either 14 July 1927 or 21 June 1928 Murder

Joseph Lefkowitz 19 July 1928 Conspiracy to Murder

Ludwig Lie 2 August 1928 Murder

George Appel 9 August 1928 Murder

Daniel Graham 9 August 1928 Murder-Robbery

Alexander Kalinowski 9 August 1928 Murder

Martin Miller 30 August 1928 Murder-Robbery

Thomas Moran 14 December 1928 Murder

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Franklin D. Roosevelt

Israel Fisher, Harry Dreitzer, and Isidore Helfant 24 January 1929 Murder-Robbery

John Fabri 29 August 1929 Murder

Arthur Brown 2 January 1930 Murder-Robbery

Frank Kowalski 2 January 1930 Murder-Robbery

John Schlager 9 January 1930 Murder-Robbery

Frank Plaia 30 January 1930 Murders of Sorro Graziano and his wife, Mary

Michael Sclafonia 30 January 1930 Murders of Sorro Graziano and his wife, Mary

Stephen "Bolly" Ziolkowski 29 May 1930 Murder of John Perraton during robbery of Fedders Manufacturing company

Alex Bogdanoff 17 July 1930 Murder-Robbery

Max Rybarczyk 17 July 1930 Murder-Robbery

Stephen Grzechowiak 17 July 1930 Murder-Robbery

William Force 28 August 1930 Murder

James Thomas 28 August 1930 Murder

Claude Udwin 28 August 1930 Murder

James Bolger 12 December 1930 Murder-Robbery

James Butler 12 December 1930 Murder-Robbery

Italo Ferdinandi 12 December 1930 Murder-Robbery

Anthony Luciano and Anthony Velluchio 26 February 1931 Murder-Robbery

Fred Innes 25 June 1931 Murder

Haywood Turner 25 June 1931 Murder

Fred Carmosino, Nicholas Leonelli, and Ferdinand Mangiamele 2 July 1931 Murder-Robbery

Herbert Johnson 23 July 1931 Murder

Andrew Metelski 23 July 1931 Murder-Robbery

Harry Lipschitz 27 August 1931 Murder

Maurice Seaton 4 September 1931 Murder

Rudolph Durringer 10 December 1931 Murder-Robbery

Joseph Senna 14 January 1932 Murder-Robbery

Francis Crowley 21 January 1932 Murder of police officer Frederick Hirsch

Gavino Demiar 28 January 1932 Murder-Burglary

Walter Borowsky 31 March 1932 Murder

Michael Rodrick 31 March 1932 Murder

Dominic Scifo 31 March 1932 Murder

Peter Sardini 31 March 1932 Murder-Robbery

John Dawson 9 June 1932 Murder

Frank Giordano and Dominick Odierno 2 July 1932 Murder

Alfred Cozzi and Alfred Corbellini 15 July 1932 Murder

Lewis Katoff 22 July 1932 Murder-Robbery

Frank Mayo 22 July 1932 Murder-Robbery

Luigi Raffa 22 July 1932 Murder

George Harris 2 September 1932 Murder

Joseph Brown 10 December 1932 Murder

Charles Markowitz 10 December 1932 Murder

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Herbert H. Lehman

Charles Bates 12 January 1933 Murder

Thomas Carpenter 12 January 1933 Murder

Alexander Nunes 19 January 1933 Murder

William Turner 2 February 1933 Murder-Robbery

Alex Kasprzcad 20 April 1933 Murder

Bruno Polowicz 20 April 1933 Murder

Antonio Lopez 25 May 1933 Murder

William Jackson 1 June 1933 Murder

Nathaniel Covington 13 July 1933 Murder

John Jordan 17 August 1933 Murder-Robbery

George Swan 17 August 1933 Murder-Robbery

Stephen Witherell 17 August 1933 Murder-Robbery

Alex Carrion 24 August 1933 Murder

Frank Negron 24 August 1933 Murder

John McKinney 1 September 1933 Murder

John Tinsley 1 September 1933 Murder-Robbery

Henry Edmonds 1 September 1933 Murder-Robbery

Lloyd Price 1 March 1934 Murder-Rape

Tony Marino, Joseph Murphy, Francis Pasqua, and Daniel Kriesberg Marino, Pasqua and Kriesberg on 7 June 1934; Murphy on 5 July 1934 Murder of Michael Malloy

Ross Caccamise 14 June 1934 Murder-Robbery

William Vogel 14 June 1934 Murder

Frank Canora 12 July 1934 Murder

Vincent Saeta, Sam Faraci, and Anna Antonio 9 August 1934 Murder of Anna's husband, Salvatore Antonio.

Giuseppe Leonti 24 January 1935 Murder

Alfred Giallorenzi 7 February 1935 Murder

Peter Crotty 7 February 1935 Murder

William Paskowitz 7 February 1935 Murder

Vincent DeLeo 21 February 1935 Murder

Stanley Pluzdrak 25 April 1935 Murder

Bruno Salek 25 April 1935 Murder

Leonard Scarnici 27 June 1935 Murder

Eva Coo 27 June 1935 Murder of Henry Wright

Patrick Downey 11 July 1935 Murder and rape

Alfred Lindsay 29 August 1935 Murder-Robbery

Jeff Brown 5 December 1935 Murder

Percy Morris 5 December 1935 Murder

Ray Orley 9 January 1936 Murder

Thomas Rooney 9 January 1936 Murder

Amerigo Angelini 9 January 1936 Murder

Newman Raymond 9 January 1936 Murder

Albert Fish 16 January 1936 Kidnapping and murder of Grace Budd (also confessed to killing other children)

John Smith 16 January 1936 Murder

Frank Flynn 27 February 1936 Murder and rape

Howard Eichler 16 April 1936 Murder-Robbery

Peter Mohlsick 16 April 1936 Murder-Robbery

Nick Buckvich 23 April 1936 Murder

Vincent DeMartino 29 May 1936 Murder-Robbery

Frank Russo 29 May 1936 Murder-Robbery

George Rosenberg 29 May 1936 Murder-Robbery

Charles Kropowitz 29 May 1936 Murder-Robbery

Damiano Consentino 4 June 1936 Murder

John Collins 9 July 1936 Murder-Robbery

Mary Frances Creighton and Everett Appelgate 17 July 1936 Murder of Ada Appelgate (wife of Everett Appelgate)

Raymond Flores 23 July 1936 Murder

Thomas McFarland 20 August 1936 Murder-Rape

Charles Rogas 27 August 1936 Murder

Joseph Bolognia 7 January 1937 Murder-Robbery

Theodore Didionne 7 January 1937 Murder-Robbery

Louis Lazar 14 January 1937 Murder

John Fiorenza 21 January 1937 Murder-Rape

Frederick Fowler 21 January 1937 Murder-Robbery

Charles Ham 21 January 1937 Murder-Robbery

Chester White 21 January 1937 Murder-Robbery

Alfred Volckmann 11 February 1937 Rape-Murder

Wing Chew 10 June 1937 Murder

Anthony Garlaus 1 July 1937 Murder-Robbery

Watson Edwards 1 July 1937 Murder-Robbery

Harry Eisenberg 1 July 1937 Murder-Robbery

Major Green 19 August 1937 Murder and burglary

Louis Apicello 26 August 1937 Murder

Salvatore Ossido 6 January 1938 Murder-Rape

James Brown 24 February 1938 Murder-Robbery

Terrence Roberts 26 May 1938 Murder-Robbery

Lawrence Marks 2 June 1938 Murder-Rape

Felix Cummings 11 August 1938 Murder

George Lewis 11 August 1938 Murder

John Rylowicz 18 August 1938 Murder-Robbery

Salvatore Gatti 5 January 1939 Murder

David Lucas 5 January 1939 Murder-Robbery

Charles Sberna 5 January 1939 Murder

Vincente Forte 12 January 1939 Murder-Robbery

Joseph O'Laughlin 26 January 1939 Murder

Dominick Guariglia 26 January 1939 Murder

Arthur Friedman 26 January 1939 Murder

Thomas Gilmore 9 February 1939 Murder-Robbery

Thomas Bohan 16 February 1939 Murder-Robbery

Michael Hermanowski 16 February 1939 Murder-Robbery

Michael Alex 23 February 1939 Murder-Robbery

Arthur Perry 24 August 1939 Murder-Robbery

Anton Myslivec 21 December 1939 Murder

Everett McDonald 21 December 1939 Murder

Theodore Maselkiewicz 21 December 1939 Murder

Anselmo Abreu 4 January 1940 Murder

Demetrius Gula 11 January 1940 Murder-Kidnap

Joseph Sacoda 11 January 1940 Murder-Kidnap

Sidney Markham 18 January 1940 Murder-Robbery

Bartel Thingstead 15 February 1940 Murder

Frank Jenner 15 February 1940 Murder-Robbery

John Kulka 15 February 1940 Murder

Gus Schweinberger 25 April 1940 Murder

James Pryor 11 July 1940 Murder

Oliver Alridge 11 July 1940 Murder

Norman Wheelock 1 August 1940 Murder-Rape

Frank Blazek 12 September 1940 Murder

Benjamin Ertel 12 September 1940 Murder

Major Greenfield 9 January 1941 Murder

Eugene Brown 6 February 1941 Murder

Norman Williams 6 February 1941 Murder

Walter Bowling 13 February 1941 Murder-Robbery

George Dolny 13 February 1941 Murder-Robbery

Arcangelo D'Agosto 13 February 1941 Murder-Robbery

David Adler 20 February 1941 Murder-Robbery

Hyman Balatnicov 20 February 1941 Murder-Robbery

Joseph Carosella 20 February 1941 Murder-Robbery

Harry Strauss 12 June 1941 Member of Murder, Inc.

Martin Goldstein 12 June 1941 Member of Murder, Inc.

Stanley Cole 10 July 1941 Murder-Robbery

Dewey Garrett 10 July 1941 Murder

George Zeitz 18 September 1941 Murder

Isaac Richardson 8 January 1942 Murder-Robbery

Ralph Jones 15 January 1942 Murder-Robbery

Henry Ancrum 15 January 1942 Murder-Robbery

Arturo Renna 22 January 1942 Murder

Thomas Conroy 29 January 1942 Murder-Rape

Harry Maione 19 February 1942 Conspiracy to Murder (Member of Murder, Inc.)

Frank Abbandando 19 February 1942 Conspiracy to Murder (Member of Murder, Inc.)

George Joseph Cvek 26 February 1942 Murder of Catherine Pappas, rape and robbery

Morris Mardavich 5 March 1942 Murder-Robbery

Anthony Esposito and William Esposito 12 March 1942 Murders of Alfred Klausman and NYPD traffic officer Ed Maher Charles McGale 11 June 1942 Murder

Joseph Riordan 11 June 1942 Murder

Edward Hicks 10 September 1942 Murder-Robbery (of Max Graboff)

Carlo Barone 10 September 1942 Murder

James Clark 17 September 1942 Murder-Robbery

Manuel Jacinto (aka Joseph Pinto) 17 September 1942 Murders of James Monti and Mrs. Delores Croyle Lawrence Edwards 17 September 1942 Murder-Robbery

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Thomas E. Dewey

Edmund Sileo 14 January 1943 Murder

Joseph Sonsky 14 January 1943 Murder

Frank Castellano 21 January 1943 Murder

Angelo Mendez 21 January 1943 Murder

Harold Elling 4 March 1943 Murder

John Cullen 29 April 1943 Murder-Robbery

Eli Shonbrun 29 April 1943 Murder-Robbery

Benitez DeJesus and William Diaz 8 July 1943 Murder of Edwin Berkowitz

Edward Haight 8 July 1943 Murders of Helen Lynch and Margaret Lynch

Anibal Almodovar 16 September 1943 Murder

Joseph Mascari 6 January 1944 Murder

Louis Buchalter 4 March 1944 Leader of Murder, Inc.

Louis Capone 4 March 1944 Member of Murder, Inc.

Emanuel Weiss 4 March 1944 Member of Murder, Inc.

John Ranford 25 May 1944 Murder-Robbery

Louis Parisi 3 June 1944 Murder

Gordon Cooke 23 June 1944 Murder

Winston Sealy 23 June 1944 Murder

Peter DeLutro 29 June 1944 Murder-Robbery

Frank DiMaria 29 June 1944 Murder-Robbery

Alex Bellomo 29 June 1944 Murder-Robbery

Tieh Yun 31 August 1944 Murder

York Lew 31 August 1944 Murder

George Knight and Helen Ray Fowler 16 November 1944 Murder-Robbery (of George William Fowler; no relation to Helen Ray Fowler)

Oliver Little 17 January 1946 Murder

George Donaldson 7 March 1946 Murder-Robbery

Abraham Gold 25 April 1946 Murder

Louis Brookins 12 September 1946 Murder-Rape-Robbery

Edward Kahkoska, Eugene Koberski, and Henry Suckow 6 March 1947 Murders of Jack Hylands and Tony Marchisella

William Washington 17 April 1947 Murder-Rape (of 15-year-old Rose Palermo)

Arthur Johnson 17 April 1947 Murder-Rape (of 15-year-old Rose Palermo)

Ward Caraway 3 July 1947 Murder and robbery

William Thomas 10 July 1947 Murder

Arnold Simms 10 July 1947 Murder-Robbery

Edward Jones 10 July 1947 Murder-Robbery

Salvator DiCristofaro 10 July 1947 Murder-Robbery

Daniel Webster 21 August 1947 Murder

Enix Bussey 4 December 1947 Murder-Robbery

Jauvham Jackson 8 January 1948 Murder-Robbery

Anthony Papa 1 July 1948 Murder-Rape

George Moore 22 July 1948 Murder

Lester Haughton 22 July 1948 Murder

John Reilly 16 September 1948 Murder-Robbery

Milton Shaket 16 September 1948 Murder-Robbery

Harris Gray 6 January 1949 Murder

Louis Smiley 13 January 1949 Murder-Rape

George Monge 20 January 1949 Murder-Robbery

Willie Grant 20 January 1949 Murder-Robbery

Eugene Pannell 20 January 1949 Murder-Robbery

William Rosenberg 3 March 1949 Murder

Santo Bretagna 3 March 1949 Murder

Harold Dupree 30 June 1949 Murder-Robbery

Herman Dupree 30 June 1949 Murder-Robbery

John Dunn and Andrew "Squint" Sheridan 7 July 1949 Murder of Anthony "Andy" Hintz

Floyd Arrington 1 September 1949 Murder-Robbery

William Jackson 1 September 1949 Murder-Robbery

Walter Davis 8 September 1949 Murder-Robbery

Frank Bruno 5 January 1950 Murder

George Reeh 12 January 1950 Murder-Robbery

Julio Perez 25 May 1950 Murder-Burglary

Harley Lamarr 11 January 1951 Murder-Robbery-Kidnapping

Willie Bunch 15 February 1951 Murder-Robbery

Gilberto Walker 1 March 1951 Murder-Robbery

Raymond Fernandez and Martha Beck 8 March 1951 Murders of Janet Fay, Delphine Downing, and Rainelle Downing

Richard Power 8 March 1951 Murder-Robbery

John King 8 March 1951 Murder-Robbery

John Saiu 12 April 1951 Murder

Edward Kelly 30 January 1952 Murder

Wallace Ford Jr. 30 January 1952 Murder

Bernard Stein 6 March 1952 Murder

Joseph Paonessa 15 January 1953 Murder-Kidnap

Stephen Lewis 22 January 1953 Murder

Frank Wojcik 16 April 1953 Murder

Julius Rosenberg (federal execution) 19 June 1953 Espionage

Ethel Rosenberg (federal execution) 19 June 1953 Espionage

Donald Snyder 16 July 1953 Murder

William Draper 23 July 1953 Murder

Walter Griffen 7 January 1954 Murder-Robbery

Maurice Odell 7 January 1954 Murder-Robbery

Henry Allen 11 March 1954 Murder

John Martin 11 March 1954 Murder

Emile Scott 15 July 1954 Murder

William Vanderwyde 22 July 1954 Murder

Gerhard Arthur Puff (federal execution) 12 August 1954 Murder of FBI Special Agent Joseph John Brock

Barry Jacobs 26 August 1954 Murder-Robbery

John Green 26 August 1954 Murder-Robbery

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Averell Harriman

Henry Matthews 10 February 1955 Murder

Romulo Rosario 17 February 1955 Murder

Calman Cooper 9 July 1955 Murder-Robbery

Harry Stein 9 July 1955 Murder-Robbery

Nathan Wissner 9 July 1955 Murder-Robbery

Edward Nichols 8 September 1955 Murder-Robbery

Clarence Reed 8 September 1955 Murder-Robbery

William Byers 12 January 1956 Murder

Norman Roye 19 January 1956 Murder

John Francis Roche 27 January 1956 Murder-Rape-Robbery

Ernest Edwards 28 June 1956 Murder-Robbery

Frank Newman 23 August 1956 Murder

Joseph Reade 30 August 1956 Murder-Rape

Leonardo Salemi 28 February 1957 Murder

MacDonald Browne 14 March 1957 Murder

Miguel Santiago 15 August 1957 Murder

David Taylor 21 November 1957 Murder-Robbery

Elmer Burke 9 January 1958 Murder of Edward "Poochy" Walsh

Nicholas Dan Jr. 3 July 1958 Murder

Angelo LaMarca 7 August 1958 Kidnapping and murder of Peter Weinberger, an infant

Virgil Richardson 20 November 1958 Murder

Bad Characters Executed In NY Under Nelson Rockefeller

Edward Eckwerth 22 May 1959 Murder

Ralph Dawkins 16 July 1959 Murder-Robbery

Jackson Turner Jr. 16 July 1959 Murder-Robbery

Leroy Keith 23 July 1959 Murder-Robbery

Ivory Mason 14 January 1960 Murder

Pablo Vargas 12 May 1960 Murder-Rape

Henry Flakes 19 May 1960 Murder of Joseph Friedman in a 1958 robbery

Walter Green 19 May 1960 Murder

Ronald Chapman 1 December 1960 Murder-Robbery

Ralph Downs 5 January 1961 Murder

Woodrow Miller 8 June 1961 Murder-Robbery

Frederick Charles Wood 21 March 1963 Murder

Eddie Lee Mays 15 August 1963 Murder of Maria Marini in a robbery. This was the last execution in New York prior to the death penalty being declared unconstitutional in New York.

More Names Will Come From My Old Books & These NYPD Issues

Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa worked for the NYPD but in reality, they worked for the mafia. Caracappa was a member of the Organized Crime Homicide Unit investigating the very people he was working for. The two former partners were taking orders for the Lucchese crime family and served as hitmen as well as moles in the NYPD. In 2006, Eppolito and Caracappa were convicted of racketeering, obstruction of justice, extortion and eight counts of murder and conspiracy. The arrested cops — sergeants Carlos Crus, Louis Failla and Cliff Nieves; police officers Steven Nieves and Giancarlo Raspanti and detectives Gionanny Rojas-Acosta and Rene Samaniego — worked in various divisions across the department from the transit bureau to vice squad. The two detectives placed on modified duty, Manuel Rodriguez and Rafael Vega, are expected to face departmental charges. In 1962, the Bonanno crime family mobster Frank Lino was arrested for his alleged involvement in the shootings of two Brooklyn police detectives. The detectives, aged 28 and 56, were shot dead during a holdup of a tobacco store in Gravesend, Brooklyn, where Lino and two others netted $5,000. Lino was charged with the murders after supplying a getaway vehicle for one of the "stick-up men" so that he could then flee to Chicago. Lino was one of the five men charged after being taken to the 66th Precinct for an interrogation. During Lino's interrogation, he claimed that police officers drove staples into his hands and a broomstick up his rectum. He alleged that the abuse resulted in a broken leg and arm. Lino was later released with three years probation after he threatened to sue the city for police brutality. He also claimed that the uncontrollable blinking of his eyes was a direct result of the alleged beating. Shooting of Clifford Glover Edit Main article: Shooting of Clifford Glover On April 28, 1973, Officer Thomas Shea shot 10-year-old Clifford Glover while in South Jamaica, Queens, thinking Glover had a gun. On June 12, 1974, Shea was acquitted of wrongdoing by 11 white and one black jurors but was fired from the NYPD that year. Beating death of Israel Rodriguez Edit On June 14, 1975, Officer Thomas Ryan arrested Israel Rodriguez on attempted murder charges, when Rodriguez fired three shots through his door at Ryan. Rodriguez mistook Ryan for Luis Santiago. Santiago and three others had held Rodriguez and beat him on the roof of his building forcing Rodriguez to hand over his stash of narcotics. After arriving at the scene, in response to being called about the beating on the roof, Ryan and PO Brown arrested Santiago and three who were armed and in possession of narcotics. Ryan asked Santiago where they had come from and Santiago had directed Ryan to Rodriguez's apartment. Ryan then took Santiago to Rodriguez's door and ordered him to knock on the door. When Rodriguez saw Santiago he fired through the door, thinking that Santiago had returned to do him additional harm. Ryan entered Rodriguez's apartment subdued him and placed him under arrest. It was alleged that Ryan caused Rodriguez injuries while in custody at the 44th Precinct. In 1977, Ryan was convicted of criminally negligent homicide but in 1979 when he was about to be sentenced, escaped and lived at large until turning himself over to Queens' district attorney in 1981. Shooting of Randolph Evans Edit Main article: Randolph Evans On November 25, 1976, Officer Robert Torsney shot Randolph Evans to death while responding to a call at Evans's home, a Brooklyn housing project. Torsney was found not guilty by insanity defense (automatism of Penfield epilepsy) in 1977 and was committed to Queens Creedmoor Psychiatric Hospital until July 1979 when state reviewers declared him no longer a threat to himself or society and released him, although he was still denied a disability pension.
Chokehold of Michael Stewart
Main article: Death of Michael Stewart On September 15, 1983, Michael Jerome Stewart was arrested for spray painting graffition a wall of Manhattan's First Avenue station. He was violent with the officers, ran to the street, lost consciousness and died on September 28, 1983. In October 1983, the case went before a grand jury in Manhattan, but was dismissed seven months later because one of the jurors started private investigations on the case. In February 1984, a second grand jury indicted three officers with criminally negligent homicide, assault and perjury, while three other officers were charged with perjury and jury selection started in June 1985. On November 24, 1985, all six of the indicted officers were acquitted by a jury. In 1987, the eleven involved officers and the MTA were sued for $40 million. In August 1990, Stewart's parents and siblings settled out of court for $1.7 million.
Shooting of Eleanor Bumpurs
Main article: Shooting of Eleanor Bumpurs On October 29, 1984, after threatening to throw boiling lye on Housing Authority personnel attempting to evict her, police forced entrance to Eleanor Bumpurs's public housing apartment, where she lived alone. Her adult daughters wanted her to be hospitalized because she was schizophrenic with hallucinations. Although NYPD procedure required a City psychiatrist to be called in a case of involuntary hospitalization, none was summoned to the scene. Bumpurs was being evicted supposedly for nonpayment of rent. Although NYPD procedure required a City marshal to be present and restricted the role of police to protecting the marshal and the marshal's assistants, no marshal was summoned to the scene. It later turned out that she had paid her rent as usual but had not been informed of a recent rent increase. When police broke down the door, the elderly woman was standing at the far end of a hallway with a kitchen knife in her raised hand. The police attempted to restrain her by pinning her against a wall with an extended Y-shaped pole, but she swept away the pole and charged the officers. When the lead officer tripped and fell to the floor she stood over him and attempted to stab him with the knife. Officer Stephen Sullivan fired two shots from his 12-gaugeshotgun, sending one pellet into Bumpurs' hand and nine other pellets into her chest, killing her. Sullivan was tried and acquitted in 1987. In 1990, the city ended the legal proceedings by agreeing to pay $200,000 to the Bumpurs family estate.
Stun gun coercion of Mark Davidson
On April 17, 1985, Mark Davidson was arrested by undercover detectives on charges of drug dealing and taken to NYPD's 106th precinct in Ozone Park, Queens, where he was beaten and tortured with a stun gun and threatened with torture on his genitals into making a false confession. On May 3, 1986, Sgt. Richard Pike, Jeffrey Gilbert and Loren MacLary were each convicted of assault and were sentenced to four to six years.[4]
Shooting of Edmund Perry
Main article: Edmund Perry On June 12, 1985, Edmund and his brother, Jonah, were walking in Morningside Park where they encountered Lee Van Houten, an undercover plainclothes detective on car burglary patrol. Perry tried to rob Van Houten by grabbing his neck. Van Houten fell to the ground and fired three shots, at least one in Perry's stomach, killing him immediately. Two witnesses supported Van Houten's version of the incident, resulting in no charges being filed. Jonah Perry was found not guilty of muggingthe officer in 1986. The NYPD settled a wrongful death suit related to Edmund Perry in 1989, paying money damages to the Perry family. Shooting of Jose Garcia Edit On July 3, 1992, Jose Garcia died from gunshots fired by undercover officer Michael O'Keefe after Garcia was chased into a building in Washington Heights. Police asserted that Garcia, a known street drug dealer, had been carrying a concealed weapon. But witnesses to the struggle and residents of Washington Heights said they believed the shooting death of Garcia was unwarranted, triggering demonstrations on the block where Garcia was killed. "Fires were set," according to a report of the demonstrations published by the New York Times, adding that "a car was overturned and debris rained down from buildings, leaving the block of the shooting, West 162d Street off St. Nicholas Avenue, littered with garbage, shattered bottles, vegetables, crates, slats of wood and even car parts." At the time of the demonstrations, police were unable to say "whether Mr. Garcia had pulled the gun on Officer O'Keefe or in some other way menaced the officer."[5]
In the end six days of demonstrations took place, during which protesters "tossed trash cans, bottles and rocks, broke windows, looted and overturned and burned police cars," leading to "139 arrests, one death and 90 injuries, including those suffered by 74 police officers," according to a subsequent report by the New York Times. Fires were set in 14 buildings, and 121 vehicles were damaged. Two months after Mr. Garcia was shot and killed, a Manhattan grand jury voted not to file criminal charges against Officer O'Keefe after forensic evidence proved that both witnesses who claimed O'Keefe executed Garcia could not have seen the shooting from the position they asserted they were standing. In addition, the recording of Officer O'Keefe's radio transmissions for assistance corroborating his description of his life-and-death struggle with Garcia was released to the public. In an unusual move, Manhattan District Attorney Robert Morgenthau published the grand jury report to ease public tension, but declined to criminally charge the two witnesses who touched off the riots with falsely reporting an incident and grand jury perjury by their false claims.[6]
Officer O'Keefe was assigned to the NYPD's 34th Precinct, a station house that became the target, just one month before Garcia's shooting death, of a federal investigation over allegations of police corruption. Reported corruption at the 34th Precinct inspired Mayor David Dinkins to appoint the Mollen Commission to investigate police corruption.[7]
Choking of Anthony Baez
Main article: Anthony Baez On December 22, 1994, 29-year-old NuyoricanAnthony Baez was choked to death by police officer Francis X. Livoti in the University Heights section of the Bronx for accidentally hitting a police car with a ball. In 1998, Livoti was convicted of violating Baez' civil rights, and two other officers were convicted of lying on the witness stand at Livoti's trial.[8] His widow later settled with the city for $3 million.
Sodomy of Abner Louima
Main article: Abner Louima On August 9, 1997, NYPD Officer Justin Volpe in Brooklyn sodomized Abner Louima with a broken broom handle in a 70th Precinct bathroom after lying about Abner attacking him and arresting him. Officer Volpe eventually pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 30 years in federal prison. Other officers were also implicated and convicted on charges stemming from the initial cover-up.[9] Louima subsequently settled with the city for $8.75 million.
Shooting of Amadou Diallo
Main article: Amadou Diallo On February 4, 1999, four plainclothes NYPD officers assigned to the street crime unit in the Bronx fired 41 gunshots at Amadou Diallo, killing him instantly. Diallo, whom the officers mistook for a since-convicted rapist, was later found to be unarmed. The officers were subsequently acquitted in 2000, but the City of New York and the NYPD later paid out $3,000,000 to Diallo's parents in a civil suit. Following the controversy three years later, the street crime unit was disbanded.
A report from Capital New York reported that 85 IP addresses belonging to the New York Police Department had made changes to Wikipedia pages about NYPD misconduct and also to articles about people killed in police interventions, including this article. One of these edits changed the statement "Officer Kenneth Boss had previously been involved in an incident in which an unarmed man was shot, but continued to work as a police officer" to "Officer Kenneth Boss was previously involved in an incident in which a man armed was shot.” Two policemen associated with these edits were reported to receive only "minor reprimands".[citation needed]
Shooting of Patrick Dorismond
Main article: Patrick Dorismond On March 16, 2000, Dorismond was approached by undercover officer Anthony Vasquez, who asked Dorismond how he and his partners could buy marijuana in an attempt to entrap him. Dorismond was outraged by the question, responded by punching Officer Vasquez and a fight ensued. During this fight Vasquez's backup officer moved in and claims to have mistaken an action by Dorismond as reaching for a weapon and warned Vasquez, who drew his own firearm and shot the unarmed Dorismond to death. Much of the resulting controversy was about releasing Dorismond's sealed juvenile record to the media, claiming a person's right to privacy no longer existed once such persons die. Vasquez was never indicted by a grand jury for Dorismond's death, but his family later settled with the city for $2.25 million.
Racial mailings of Thomas Pappas
Main article: Pappas v. Giuliani Thomas Pappas was a New York City police officer who mailed racist materials from his home. When he was fired, he sued to regain his position, but unlike in other cases the federal courts declined to reinstate him.
Shooting of Ousmane Zongo
Main article: Ousmane Zongo On May 22, 2003, 43-year-old Ousmane Zongo, an immigrant from Burkina Faso, was shot four times by Police Officer Bryan Conroy in a Chelsea warehouse. In 2005, Conroy was found guilty of criminally negligent homicideand sentenced to five years probation. In 2006, the city awarded the Zongo family $3 million to settle a wrongful death suit.
Shooting of Timothy Stansbury
Main article: Timothy Stansbury On January 24, 2004, Housing Bureau officer Richard Neri, Jr., accidentally fatally shot Timothy Stansbury, a 19-year-old black man who was trespassing on the roof landing of a Bedford-Stuyvesant housing project. Stansbury was unarmed, but had apparently startled Neri by opening the roof door and suddenly encountering the officer. At that point, Neri discharged his service firearm and mortally wounded Stansbury. Although Commissioner Kelly stated that the shooting appeared "unjustified", a Brooklyn jury found that no criminal act had occurred and that the event was a tragic accident. Neri was thus cleared of all charges.[10] The city later agreed to pay $2 million to settle a lawsuit filed by the Stansbury family. A grand jury declined to indict Neri, but Kelly later suspended him for 30 days without pay and permanently stripped him of his weapon.[11]
Shooting of Sean Bell
Main article: Sean Bell shooting incident On November 25, 2006, plainclothes police officers shot and killed Sean Bell and wounded two of his companions, one critically, outside of the Kalua Cabaret in Queens. No weapon was recovered.[12] According to the police, Bell had rammed his vehicle into an undercover officer and hit an unmarked NYPD minivan twice, prompting undercover officers to fire 50 rounds into Bell's car. Witness accounts of the event conflict with the account provided by police. A bullet piercing the nearby AirTrain JFKfacility startled two Port Authority patrolmen stationed there.[13] An undercover officer claims he heard one of the unarmed man's companions threaten to get his gun to settle a fight with another individual. On April 25, 2008, Justice Arthur Cooperman cleared Detectives Michael Oliver and Gescard Isnora of murder charges, and Detective Marc Cooper of reckless endangerment, in the death of Sean Bell.[14] The city eventually settled with Bell's family for $3.25 million.[15]
Kidnapping of drug dealers
On June 7, 2011, ex-NYPD transit officer Jorge Arbaje-Diaz was sentenced to 20 years in federal prison after being convicted of kidnapping, robbing and torturing drug dealers while on the force in 2008. Arbaje-Diaz was found guilty of stealing more than 1,600 pounds (730 kg) of cocaine and $4 million in cash.[16][17]
Subway sodomy scandal
Main article: Prospect Park alleged police sodomy incident On October 15, 2008, five officers attempted to arrest Michael Mineo for smoking marijuana in a Brooklyn subway station. Days later, Mineo made accusations claiming he was sodomizedwith a police radio antenna by the officers. On December 9, 2008, the Brooklyn District Attorney announced that three of the officers, Richard Kern, Alex Cruz, and Andrew Morales, were indicted on criminal charges. According to the District Attorney, officer Kern sodomized Mineo with his expandable baton after the officers handcuffed him. Officer Kern was charged with aggravated sexual abuse and assault, and faced up to 25 years in prison, and officers Cruz and Morales were charged with hindering prosecution and official misconduct, and faced up to 4 years in prison.[18] All three officers were acquitted of all charges.
Retaliation against ex-officer Adrian Schoolcraft
Main article: Adrian Schoolcraft In May 2010, Adrian Schoolcraft, a former NYPD officer, publicized recordings he made in secret while on duty, showing a pattern of corruption and retaliation against him for refusing to cooperate. Officers detained citizens without charges to meet quota and failed to report serious crimes, including rape, to make their department appear to be reducing crime rates. When the NYPD learned that Schoolcraft was privately investigating such corruption, concern for his mental health was used as an excuse for armed officers to kidnap and imprison him in a hospital. In 2010 he was suspended without pay and was filing suit against the NYPD.[19][20][21] In further retaliation, lawyers for the city of New York on behalf of the NYPD served a subpoena on Graham Rayman, the journalist who reported about Schoolcraft's secret recordings, attempting to abridge the journalist's First Amendment rights by accessing Rayman's records. The city's subpoena to Rayman was seen as a way for the NYPD to gain access to Schoolcraft's tapes. The requests in the subpoena "were made without particularity and essentially seek widespread access to all of Rayman's files." However, a federal judge ruled that the city of New York could only access limited materials.[22] In September 2015, the portion of the lawsuit against the NYPD settled, with Schoolcraft to receive $600,000 in compensation.[23] The portion against Jamaica Hospital was settled in November 2015.[24]
Asthma death incident
In August 2010, 11-year-old Briana Ojeda died from an asthma attack after NYPD officer Alfonso Mendez denied her mother's pleas to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Ojeda's mother allegedly was driving her daughter to the hospital when she took a wrong one-way turn in a neighborhood street and stopped to ask Officer Alfonso Mendez for help. Ojeda's mother claimed Mendez smirked at her and said, "I don't know CPR," and tried to ticket her. A bystander performed CPR and by the time an ambulance arrived, Mendez had left. After a one-week manhunt, Mendez was identified and has been suspended without pay indefinitely.
"Indeed it is tragic that Ms. Torres felt a sense of relief when she initially encountered Officer Mendez because she believed a uniformed officer of the law could help her," Judge Jiminez-Salta wrote. "However there is no policy in the New York Police Department which requires officers to know and to be willing and able to perform CPR."
The incident led to the passing of Briana's Lawin New York.
Arrest of Michael Premo
See also: Michael Premo Occupy Wall Street activist Michael Premo was arrested on December 17, 2011 and charged with assaulting an officer. Prosecutors argued and the arresting officer gave sworn testimony that Premo "charged the police like a linebacker, taking out a lieutenant and resisting arrest so forcefully that he fractured an officer's bone."
The defense located a video that was taken by freelancer Jon Gerberg which contradicted the sworn testimony, instead showing officers "tackling [Premo] as he attempted to get back on his feet". Prosecutors claimed no video of Premo's arrest existed, yet the Gerberg video clearly showed an NYPD officer also filming Premo's arrest.[25] Nick Pinto of Village Voice wrote that "information provided by the NYPD in the trial was fabricated to such a degree that the allegations made by the police officers have turned out to be quite literally the opposite of what actually happened.[25]
In March 2013, Premo was acquitted of all charges.[26]
Shooting of Ramarley Graham
Main article: Shooting of Ramarley Graham On February 2, 2012, 18-year-old Ramarley Graham was chased into his Bronx home by a unit of plainclothes NYPD officers. Once inside, Graham struggled with one of the police officers near the entrance to a bathroom. Graham was shot once in the chest by the police officer, and Graham was eventually transported to Montefiore Medical Center, where he was pronounced dead. According to a police spokesperson, there was "no evidence" that Graham was armed. Initial statements did not explain what prompted the chase. Initially police would not identify the officer who fired the fatal shot, but police said that a small amount of marijuana was found in the toilet.[27] The shooting officer was later identified as Richard Haste, and first- and second-degree manslaughter charges were filed against him, to which Haste pleaded not guilty at his arraignment four months after the shooting. After the arraignment hearing, the Bronx District Attorney said that the shooting was unjustified, since Graham had no weapon. In the time between the shooting and the arraignment, the Graham family demanded justice. "The shooting of Mr. Graham has become a flash point in the roiling debate over police aggression; his family has taken part in several vigils and rallies to press for criminal charges in the case, as well as highlight what some critics say is a bias shown by the police against young men of color," The New York Times reported.[28]
After a judge threw out the manslaughter charges against Haste due to a technicality in the proceedings of the first grand jury, a second grand jury voted not to file charges against Haste, leading the Graham family to demand a federal investigation into the unjustified police shooting.[29]
A lawsuit filed against the city was settled for $3.9 million in 2015.[30]
Death of Kyam Livingston
On July 21, 2013, 37-year-old Kyam Livingston died in NYPD custody after being arrested by officers of Brooklyn's 70th Precinct on charges of violating an order of protection. Upon arrest, Livingston was brought to Kings County Hospital for alcohol and drug testing but was released in a few hours. She was then processed at the precinct and brought to Brooklyn Central Booking to await arraignment.[31] After approximately 13 hours in custody, Livingston experienced stomach pain and diarrhea and began to repeatedly request medical assistance over the course of seven more hours. According to witnesses, NYPD officers on duty refused to issue Livingston any medical attention, stating that she was an "alcoholic" and threatening to "lose the paperwork" of Livingston and other women in the cell who were pleading for someone to come to her aid. It was further reported that Livingston was dead for at least 20 minutes before emergency medical staff arrived.[32]
Beginning in August 2013, there were repeated demonstrations in Brooklyn demanding the names of the officers on duty at the time of Livingston's death, the release of video surveillance tapes from the cell Livingston was detained in, and the full investigation and improvement of conditions at Brooklyn Central Booking jail.[33][34] Livingston's family filed a Notice of Claim against the NYPD and other government entities as a prerequisite to an $11 million lawsuit,[35] and called for the criminal prosecution of any police officer who denied medical attention to Livingston while she was in their custody.[36] The NYPD Internal Affairs Division's investigation of the matter is ongoing.[needs update]
Beating of Alexian Lien
Main article: Alexian Lien beating
Aftermath showing broken window of Lien's Range Rover On September 29, 2013, motorcyclists participated in a rally called "Hollywood's Block Party" on New York City's Henry Hudson Parkway. One of the bikers pulled in front of Alexian Lien and slowed dramatically, an action sometimes referred to as "brake checking". Lien stopped his vehicle and was quickly surrounded by bikers. Lien accelerated to escape and struck one of the bikers, critically injuring him. A chase ensued, ending in Lien being pulled from his vehicle and beaten. The attack was caught on video and garnered international attention.[37] A number of bikers are facing assault and other criminal charges, and legislation has been proposed to regulate motorcycle rallies in New York City.[38]
The NYPD faced criticism when some of the bikers involved in the chase and attack were identified as off-duty New York City police officers. Ten-year veteran and undercover detective Wojciech Braszczok surrendered to authorities and was arrested on October 8.[39]An undercover narcotics detective has been identified by the press as being present but not participating in the assault.[39] Sources have reported a total of five off-duty officers were originally present on the West Side Highway, and that at least two saw the assault.[40]
Chokehold of Eric Garner
Main article: Death of Eric Garner On July 17, 2014, at 4:45 p.m., Eric Garner was approached by NYPD plainclothes police officer Justin Damico, in front of a beauty supply store at 202 Bay Street in the Tompkinsville neighborhood in Staten Island. After telling Damico and other NYPD officers, "I was just minding my own business. Every time you see me you want to mess with me. I'm tired of it. It stops today!",[41] Garner raised both arms but was then put into a chokehold from behind by officer Daniel Pantaleo, in order to be subdued. While Garner repeatedly stated that he was not able to breathe, Pantaleo and other officers struggled to bring him down onto the sidewalk and have him put his arms behind his back. He died a few minutes later.[41][42][43]The police waited seven minutes before giving Garner cardiopulmonary resuscitation.[44] Use of the chokehold has been prohibited by New York City Police Department policy since 1993.[45] The NYPD later arrested Ramsey Orta, who is the civilian who recorded the video of the encounter.[46] The final autopsy report in Garner's death showed that he neither had drugs nor alcohol in his system, nor did he sustain head trauma.[47] The autopsy suggested that his combative arrest, combined with his obesity and other health problems, may have caused his fatal heart attack.[48] As a result of Garner's death, Police Commissioner William Bratton ordered an extensive review of the NYPD's training procedures, specifically focusing on the appropriate amount of force that can be used while detaining a suspect.[49]
Arrest of Ramsey Orta
On October 5, 2016, Ramsey Orta, who filmed Eric Garner's murder, was targeted by NYPD and arrested for weapons and drug charges. Orta filed one lawsuit, alleging that the NYPD has arrested him several times in retaliation for filming the Garner video. But in July 2016, Orta, saying he was “tired of fighting,” pled guilty to charges of selling heroin and other drugs to an undercover police officer, and to a charge of possessing an illegal handgun.[50]
Shooting of Akai Gurley
Main article: Shooting of Akai Gurley On November 20, 2014, NYPD Officer Peter Liang fired his pistol. The bullet hit the wall and ricocheted hitting an unarmed 28-year-old Akai Gurley at a Brooklyn housing project. Commissioner Bratton stated that Liang had already drawn his weapon before encountering Gurley, but initially deemed the shooting an accidental discharge after an investigation.[51]In 2015, Liang was suspended without pay and charged with manslaughter, negligent homicide, assault, reckless endangerment and official misconduct. On February 11, 2016, Liang was convicted of manslaughter and official misconduct; he was fired by the NYPD the same day.[52]
Controversy surrounding Francisco Garcia
On May 3, 2020, a video went viral of an NYPD officer repeatedly punching and tasering a man he was arresting for violating the city's temporary social distancing requirement.[53]Despite the fact that the person he was arresting, Donni Wright, was also shown to be resisting arrest and assaulting him,[53][54] it was later revealed that the officer involved, Francisco Garcia, had a previous history of alleged brutality, resulting in seven lawsuits which were settled by the city for a total of $210,000.[55] One notable incident included a controversial confrontation with a lesbian couple at a Harlem restaurant in 2016, where he allegedly shoved one of the two women and afterwards said "Take a picture of it, fucking[censorship] dyke.”[55] Another incident occurred in 2014, when he and other NYPD officers controversially arrested a home health care aide for trespassing.[55] However, it soon revealed that the health care aide, whose thick African accent made it hard for Garcia and the assisting officers to understand what he was saying, merely went into the wrong apartment and charges were dropped when it was proven that his patient lived in the same building.[55]Following the May 2020 incident, Garcia was not fired, but stripped of his gun, shield and badge and reassigned to desk duty.[56][55]
Shooting of Jamie Liang
Not to be confused with Jamie Laing. In October 2021, off-duty police officer Yvonne Wu broke into the home of her ex-girlfriend, Jenny Li, shooting her and her partner, Jamie Liang, with an NYPD-issued Glock-19 pistol, killing Liang and injuring Li. Wu was suspended without pay and charged with murder.[57][58]
Handschu court case
Main article: Handschu agreement A 1970s trial of 21 members of the Black Panther Party revealed that NYPD infiltrated and kept dossiers on not only the Black Panthers and other radical groups, but also on anti-war groups, gay rights activists, educational reform advocates, religious groups, and civic organizations. A large coalition of activist groups accused police of compiling information to punish and repress lawful dissent.[59] Barbara Handschu was a lead plaintiff in the 1971 class action suit Handschu v. Special Services Division, 605 F.Supp. 1384, affirmed 787 F.2d 828.[60] In the 1985 ruling, the court sided with Handschu,[61]finding that police surveillance of political activity violated constitutional protections of free speech.[60] The ruling brought about the agreement.[62]
In spite of restrictions set by the Handschuagreement against police surveillance of peaceful citizen activities, like political organizing, law enforcement officials in New York have been able to weaken or violate the restrictions in order to carry out surveillance of the 2004 Republic National Convention protesters,[63] the Muslim community, Occupy Wall Street activists,[64] and Black Lives Matteractivists in New York.[65]
1988 Tompkins Square Park Riot
Main article: Tompkins Square Park Riot (1988) In August 1988, a riot erupted in Alphabet City's Tompkins Square Park in the East Villageof Manhattan when police attempted to enforce a newly passed curfew for the park. Bystanders, artists, residents, homeless people and political activists clashed with police on the night of August 6 and the early morning of the following day.[66] In a report released by Commissioner Benjamin Ward, the police department's actions were "not well planned, staffed, supervised or executed... which culminated in a riot."
Matthew Shepard memorial march
When the LGBTQ community in New York City organized a memorial march, one week after Matthew Shepard died of injuries sustained during an attack, the NYPD responded in riot gear and on horseback, arresting 96 people and using some violent tactics,[67] triggering at least one federal, constitutional rights violations lawsuit.[68]
2002 World Economic Forum
When activists peacefully demonstrated against the World Economic Forum in 2002, the NYPD responded by erecting pens for protesters, wearing riot gear and gas masks, and making what were described as either selective arrests or wholesale arrests based on charges of unlawful assembly and disorderly conduct.[69]
Anti-war protests
See also: February 15, 2003, anti-war protests Activists in New York City participated in a global day of protests against the impending U.S. invasion of Iraq. In court the NYPD opposed efforts by activists to organize a march, convincing a judge that activists should only hold a stationary demonstration. The day of the demonstration, police used horse-mounted officers, who charged at protesters, injuring some activists; used barricades to restrict protesters' access to the demonstration site and to trap activists during the demonstration; conducted widespread searches without a warrant; and detained some activists for many hours in vans without access to bathrooms or food.[70]
2004 Republican National Convention
Main article: 2004 Republican National Convention During the 2004 Republican National Convention, many peaceful protesters were arrested at Madison Square Garden, where the convention was held. Over the course of several days, mass arrests by the NYPD netted over 400 people.[71] The use of flexible, plastic orange netting to "divide and conquer protestors," including pedestrians, according to The New York Times.[72] Mayor Michael Bloomberg told The New York Times that if the NYPD engaged in the false arrests of activists, then there was a way to deal with the false arrests after the fact. "You can't arrest 1,800 people without having somebody in the middle who shouldn't have been arrested," Mayor Bloomberg said of the number of arrests made during the 2004 Republican National Convention, adding, "That's what the courts are there to find out afterwards."[73]
Among other actions causing controversy toward the NYPD, a thousand people were detained under conditions, including overcrowding, dirtiness, and contamination of oil and asbestos, described as unfit for detention. People also reported having suffered from smell, bad ventilation, and chemical burns and rashes[74][75][76][77][78] The New York Times has also reported on two occasions that the police videotaped, infiltrated, and acted as agents provocateursduring the protests,[79][80] and that officers traveled as far away as Europe beforehand to surveil on people there who planned to protest at the RNC.[79] The NYPD procured and has deployed Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD), also known as a sound cannon, as a non-lethal, crowd-controlling military weapon that can cause injury and is intended to disrupt protests. Two LRAD units were purchased in 2004 at the cost of $35,000.[81] An LRAD was at protests of the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City[82] but not used.
Occupy Wall Street protests
Main article: Occupy Wall Street During the Occupy Wall Street protests in 2011, 700 were arrested, leading to controversy over the NYPD's policing tactics.[83][84]
Black Lives Matter protests
Main article: Black Lives Matter protests in New York City 2014 protests
In 2014, large-scale protests took place in New York City following the deaths of Eric Garner in Staten Island, Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, and Akai Gurley in Brooklyn. The protests increased after grand juries in Ferguson and in Staten Island separately decided not to file criminal charges against the police officers, who were involved in the chokehold death of Garner and the shooting death of Brown, respectively. In response to these protests, the NYPD made large numbers of arrests and deployed the uses of pepper spray and mobile LRADs to disrupt activists, long regarded by many as controversial.[85]Use of LRADs by the NYPD triggered legal objections on the basis that there may have never been "formal guidelines for the devices' use".[81]
Political pressure to address fatal interactions with the NYPD escalated after the Daily Newsreported statistics that showed that, in the time between the 1999 slaying of Amadou Dialloand the 2014 shooting death of Akai Gurley, on-duty NYPD officers were involved in 179 fatalities.[86]
2020 protests
The George Floyd protests in New York City, a series of wide-scale protests, occurred after the May 2020 police murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis. There were numerous instances of police-involved excessive force, and as of June 9, 2020, prosecutors were considering charges against up to 40 officers related to their actions during the protests.[87]
On May 29, an NYPD officer shoved a 20-year-old woman to the ground at a protest near Barclays Center in Brooklyn, resulting in concussion and seizures.[87] A video of the incidents depicts the officer calling the woman a "bitch" after she asked about his order to get out of the street.[87][88][89] The officer was later suspended without pay, and later became the first officer to be charged for actions taken during the protests.[87][90]
A video of a crowd of protesters clashing with the NYPD attracted attention on May 30, showing police vehicles accelerating into a crowd of people.[91] In response to the video, de Blasio initially defended the officers' actions,[92] but later reneged on these comments.[93][94] The Guardian wrote that the video, viewed more than 30 million times as of June 4, "quickly shredded years of effort to repair the deeply tarnished image of the NYPD."[94]
On May 30, a video of an incident at a Brooklyn protest circulated on social media depicting a black protester wearing a mask with his hands up approached by a police officer who pulls the protester's mask off in order to pepper spray his face. After an investigation, the officer involved was suspended without pay and referred to an internal disciplinary process.[95][96][90]
In September 2020, Human Rights Watch published a 99-page report documenting a coordinated attempt by NYPD officers to "kettle", assault and mass arrest peaceful protestors in the Mott Haven neighborhood of the South Bronx on June 4, 2020.[97]
Corruption in 77th Precinct
In December 1986, 11 NYPD officers were arrested from the 77th Precinct station house in the first major instance of corruption after the Knapp Commission. The investigation came to be known as the "Buddy Boys" case. The officers, "who knocked down doors, stole money and drugs from drug dealers and resold the stolen drugs," also "ran extortion operations within the precinct," according to a corruption timeline prepared by The New York Times.[98] Eventually, 13 officers were indicted, and all of the nearly 200 officers at the 77th Precinct station house had to be transferred to other Brooklyn precincts, except for 1 union delegate.[99] A special state prosecutor, Charles Hynes, found later to be corrupt himself, had to present evidence to a special grand jury in the corruption investigation.[100]
Central Park jogger case
Main article: Central Park jogger case Five black and one Latino boys, 14 to 16 years old, were coerced by NYPD officers into falsely confessing to a woman's Central Park assault and rape. The six males were vindicated in 2002, five of whom equally shared a $40 million 2014 lawsuit settlement.[101]
75th Precinct cocaine ring scandal
Main article: The Seven Five In May 1992, five current and one retired NYPD officers were arrested and charged with trafficking drugs from Brooklyn into Long Island. Two of the officers were partners at the 75th Precinct, whilst the other officers were from the 73rd Precinct.[102]
Prosecutors alleged that one of the officers arrested, Michael Dowd, knew when he was under surveillance and may have benefited from tips from department investigators. How Dowd may have managed, for some time, to evade investigation became a subject of inquiry by the Mollen Commission.[103] Officer Kenny Eurell, who also was one of the officers arrested at the same time as Dowd, tape-recorded Dowd plotting an elaborate plan to skip bail. His bail was revoked and later Dowd was convicted of racketeering and conspiracy to distribute narcotics and served 12 years in prison.[104]
In 2014, a documentary was released, The Seven Five, detailing Michael Dowd's career with the NYPD.
Corruption in 34th Precinct
Federal investigators launched a probe over reports that some police officers were engaged in drug dealing. At the same time, Mayor David Dinkins announced that he would "name a special investigator to look into the charges of corruption, as well as possible lapses in the Police Department's internal investigation methods. Aides to the Mayor said the investigator would be Milton Mollen, the former Deputy Mayor for Public Safety," according to a report published by The New York Times, adding that the investigation by the U.S. Attorney's Office was focusing on the 34th Precinct, further noting that "The investigation is an unusual Federal intrusion into the workings of the city's Police Department and it raises the specter of a departmental problem larger than that acknowledged by Police Department officials." Amongst aspects or allegations triggering investigatory scrutiny was the fact that the 34th Precinct had the highest rate of homicides and that some 34th Precinct police officers were "overlooking drug dealing in exchange for money and drugs and acting as guardians for the dealers by protecting the buildings and stores where they live and work. Other officers are suspected of buying and selling cocaine or crack."[7]
Top NYPD officials stated that the Brooklyn cocaine ring and the 34th Precinct corruption allegations were isolated incidents, in spite of complaints of other wrongdoings. Some complaints noted that officers with NYPD's Internal Affairs mishandled investigations. In 1994, the 34th Precinct had the highest number of corruption complaints, according to statistics reported by The New York Daily News.[105] The three-year federal investigation of the 34th Precinct ended with only one conviction of perjury.[106]
Police riot
In 1992, an estimated 10,000 off-duty NYPD officers showed up to a rally outside City Hall organized by the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association. The off-duty police officers were called to action by the police union over disapproval with actions taken by the then mayor, David Dinkins. Police were protesting, amongst other complaints, that Dinkins had appointed the Mollen Commission to investigate NYPD corruption. To show their disapproval with the Dinkins administration, the officers began the rally with rhetoric that was described as "vicious," with officers engaging in jarring behavior, including "jumping barricades, tramping on automobiles, mobbing the steps of City Hall" and "blocking traffic on the Brooklyn Bridge for nearly an hour in the most unruly and angry police demonstration in recent memory," according to an account of the rally published by The New York Times. There were instances when some of the 300 uniformed police officers, who were supposed to police the rally, actually encouraged raucous behavior by the protesters. Dinkins blamed PBA leadership, as well as then presumed mayoral candidate Rudolph Giuliani, for inciting the police into rowdy actions, calling the actions by police as "bordering on hooliganism."[107]
The Editorial Board of The New York Timescalled the police rally a "riot," finding both praise and fault in a preliminary report by NYPD of the police misconduct. The report found that police officers used racial slurs to describe Dinkins, who is black, and that there had been drinking in connection with the rally. Generally, the report was well received by the Editorial Board for its frankness, but, in the editors' nuanced view of the report, the report still fell short, because the report was "thick with language critical of the unruly behavior but apparently thin on charges against individual rioters," again pointing out that the NYPD was unable to keep the conduct of its own officers in check. Then Acting NYPD Commissioner Raymond Kelly himself "raised serious questions about the Department's willingness and ability to police itself," according to The New York Times.[108]
Corruption in 109th Precinct
After the NYPD received complaints that police officers assigned to the 109th Precinct were using drugs, four officers were confronted. Three officers took drugs tests, failed, and were dismissed. One officer resigned.[109]
The investigation of the precinct extended to at least 20 police officers, including a sergeant. Some officers were given desk jobs or transferred to other precincts. Three officers from the precinct were indicted for theft. In its report about the investigations at the 109th Precinct, The New York Times noted that although the allegations were not as severe as those at the 30th Precinct, the investigation was notable, "because it demonstrates that major corruption exists in precincts outside the high-crime areas where the temptations for drug-related corruption are usually highest."[110]
In the face of allegations that a police union, the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, was undertaking "aggressive efforts to thwart major corruption inquiries," according to The New York Times, John Miller, then the Deputy Police Commissioner for Public Information, said he found the actions "disturbing." Efforts to root out bad cops were made difficult by the P.B.A., as that police union is known, according to officials and prosecutors, who worried "that they will have trouble rooting out substantial numbers of corrupt officers as long as the P.B.A. resists them," as reported by The New York Times. Indeed, the P.B.A. was shown to be a powerful organization with great influence. "Fortified with millions of dollars in annual dues collections, the P.B.A. is one of the most powerful unions in the city. As an active lobbyist in Albany and as a contributor to political campaigns, the P.B.A. has enormous influence over the department and is typically brought in for consultations before important management decisions are made."[111]
Corruption in 73rd Precinct
In January 1994, five NYPD officers assigned to the 73rd Precinct station house were removed from duty over allegations of extorting cash, guns, and drugs from drug dealers. The investigation referred to the group of implicated police officers by the moniker, the "Morgue Boys," because the officers would sometimes retreat near an abandoned coffin factory, where the officers would divide the proceeds of their criminality. Federal and state investigators worked in partnership to collect evidence for a federal grand jury, which included information that the implicated police officers would hold up drug dealers at gunpoint, usually while on-duty, netting up to $2,000 per night in criminal proceeds. The investigation into corruption at the 73rd Precinct was made possible by information gathered at hearings held by the Mollen Commission.[112]
Eventually, 15 police officers were suspected of having participated in the "Morgue Boys" ring,[113] resulting in at least six arrests, three of which pleaded guilty, with the remaining three receiving either acquittals or mistrials by trial jurors with respect to criminal and civil rights charges, respectively.[109]
Corruption in 30th Precinct
Main article: Dirty Thirty (NYPD) Thirty-three officers were arrested in a wide-ranging investigation of corruption at the 30th Precinct station house in Harlem. Some of the police officers would illegally search known drug dealers' apartments, seizing drugs and cash. The police officers would then sell the seized drugs straight out of the 30th Precinct station house itself at half-market price in order to profit from their spoils.
The arrests, which implicated nearly one out of six officers assigned to the 30th Precinct station house, were the fruits of a probe began by an investigator, who worked for the Mollen Commission.[114]
Corruption in 48th Precinct
Sixteen police officers from the 48th Precinct station house in The Bronx were indicted and arrested on corruption charges including larceny, filing false police reports, and insurance fraud. Seven further officers faced disciplinary action, but not arrests, because there was insufficient evidence to lead to indictments. In total, nearly 10 percent of the police officers assigned to the 48th Precinct house were implicated in a corruption investigation that was inspired by pressure created by the Mollen Commission.
Reports also showed that a police union, the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, undertook aggressive efforts to thwart investigations into corruption at the 48th Precinct.[111]
Flushing brothel evidence-planting
Dennis Kim and Jerry Svoronos, two police officers working out of the 109th Precinct, and Gina Kim and Geeho Chae, brothel operators, were arrested on March 8, 2006, for briberycharges relating to the protection of a brothel located in Flushing, Queens. Agents seized approximately $800,000 in cash, believed to be the proceeds of the brothel, from Kim and Chae's vehicle and residence. On March 8, 2006, search warrants were executed at the brothel and a boarding house used by the brothel workers, where agents seized immigration documents, business records, and a small quantity of Ecstasy. The two officers were in a unit which targets quality-of-life-type crimes.[116] Members of the precincts engaged in a practice known as "flaking", in which cops planted marijuana, cocaine, or Ecstasy on suspects. Members of the conditions unit maintained a small stash of drug in an Altoids tin for this purpose, Assistant U.S. Attorney Monica Ryan said.[117] In addition, 16 Chinese and Korean brothel workers were taken into immigration custody.
Mafia cops
Main article: Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa See also: Lucchese crime family Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa were simultaneously on the payrolls of the NYPD and the Lucchese crime family and were abusing their authority as officers of the NYPD. They would routinely violate the civil rights of the citizens of New York City, and moonlighted for the crime family. They would use NYPD files to track down the enemies of the crime family and were ultimately convicted of the murdersof Eddie Lino, Michael Greenwald (an informant for the FBI) and innocent man Nick Guido, who had the same name as a man targeted by the crime family. Eppolito received life in prison with an additional 100 years and Caracappa received life in prison with an additional 80 years. They were also fined a combined $4 million. They received a monthly salary of $5,000 from the crime family.[118]
NYPD "rape cops" scandals
In December 2008, two on-duty NYPD officers were charged with raping a woman whom they had been dispatched to help on a 911 call. Officers Kenneth Moreno, age 43, and Franklin Mata, age 29, were called to help a drunken woman out of a taxi and into her apartment in 2008. The woman testified that she awoke in her bedroom to being raped by Moreno; Mata was said to have acted as a lookout during the incident. Although both men were acquitted of the rape at trial in May 2011, the jury's verdict proved highly controversial and drew large protests.[119] Moreno and Mata were, however, found guilty of official misconduct for going back into the woman's apartment three times without alerting their superiors and making erroneous calls to 911 with claims of a nonexistent homeless man loitering in the area to facilitate their return to the premises. As a result of the convictions, both officers were immediately terminated from the NYPD.[120][121]
In September 2011, an off-duty NYPD officer, Michael Pena, was charged with raping a schoolteacher at gunpoint. According to the woman, she was stopped by Pena, who was allegedly intoxicated, who ordered her into an apartment backyard as he pointed a gun into her face. At Pena's trial, the woman testified that Pena had threatened to kill her if she screamed or looked at him as he began to rape her. An apartment resident heard the woman's pleas for him to stop and called 911. The NYPD was able to confirm that Pena was drunk and armed, but he denied raping her. He was charged with 10 felonies, including predatory assault, sexual assault, and first-degree rape, and pleaded not guilty. On March 27, 2012, Pena was found guilty on the predatory assault and sexual assault charges, but the jury deadlocked on the rape charges. Three months after the trial, Pena pleaded guilty to rape and was sentenced to 75-to-life.[122]
Gun smuggling scandal
In October 2011, five current NYPD police officers and three retired police officers were arrested and charged with trafficking guns into New York state in exchange for thousands of dollars in cash. Six of those implicated worked, or once worked, at the 68th Precinct.[123]
Ticket fixing scandal
In October 2011, 16 NYPD police officers were charged with offenses related to ticket fixingwhereby they "fixed" tickets issued to family and friends.[124] The head of New York's largest police union defended ticket-fixing by the NYPD, saying it was "long standing practice at all levels of the department."[125]Though only 16 NYPD officers were facing trial, news reports show that hundreds of NYPD police officers were involved, "caught on a phone tap asking for scores of tickets to disappear."[126] A list of officers involved in ticket-fixing, which numbered hundreds, was subsequently used by prosecutors to vet cases that might rest too heavily on officers.[125]
"Paid Detail Unit"
An October 2011 article by Pam Martens in the CounterPunch newsletter alleged police corruption in reference to the NYPD's "Paid Detail Unit" that allows corporations to hire NYPD police officers for security duties.[127][128] The Paid Detail Unit was established by Mayor Giuliani in 1998 as a way to increase revenue to New York City that allowed off-duty police officers to moonlight in uniform and as of 2003 nearly half of NYPD's street cops (11,000) were on the Paid Detail Unit.[129] The then commanding officer of the Unit justified the program by claiming cops are off the business payroll the moment they see a crime committed and are expected to respond just as they would if they were on-duty.[129]
Muslim surveillance
After the September 11 attack, the NYPD and the Central Intelligence Agency, engaged to track certain Muslims in the New York metropolitan area,[130] including Yale Universityand the University of Pennsylvania.[131]According to Associated Press, "[a] months-long investigation... has revealed that the NYPD operates far outside its borders and targets ethnic communities in ways that would run afoul of civil liberties rules if practiced by the federal government. And it does so with unprecedented help from the CIA in a partnership that has blurred the bright line between foreign and domestic spying."[132]
When the Associated Press published reports on this activity,[132] the NYPD faced much controversy and criticism. Muslims were spied on in mosques, restaurants, streets, public places and Muslim groups, and websites were scrutinized. It resulted in much confusion and anger from Muslim communities in the United States, as well as support from New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg. The FBI criticized the spying as unhealthy.[133][134][135][136]
The Associated Press won the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for the investigation.[137] Later, in June 2012, Muslims in New Jersey sued the NYPD over the spying.[138] However, the lawsuit was dismissed in February 2014 by a federal judge who said that the surveillance of the Muslim community was a lawful effort to prevent terrorism, not a civil-rights violation.[139] The surveillance program was disbanded on April 15, 2014 after a meeting that was held with several Muslim advocates on April 8, 2014. It was also revealed that the surveillance program failed to generate even a single lead.[140]
Falsification of evidence to secure convictions
Louis N. Scarcella is a retired NYPD detective who initially came to prominence during the "crack epidemic" of the 1980s–1990s. As a member of the Brooklyn North Homicide Squad, he and his longtime partner Stephen Chmil built a reputation for obtaining convictions in difficult cases. Since 2013, Scarcella has received extensive publicity for multiple allegations of investigative misconduct. As of November 2019, 15 people had their convictions overturned in Scarcella's homicide cases, as the Kings County (Brooklyn) District Attorney's Office continued to review dozens of his investigations. For cases involving at least 8 suspects, the prosecutors or judges have explicitly cited evidence of Scarcella's improper conduct, although the statute of limitations has protected him from legal consequences. As the New York Daily News reported, as of May 2018, Scarcella's homicide cases had resulted in wrongful convictions for at least 13 individuals with a combined 245 years in prison, and the city and state had paid at least $53.3 million in legal settlements because of his "shady investigations involving tainted evidence, misleading testimony or forced confessions".[141][142][143][144]
Corruption in the 67th Precinct
A pattern of arrests of individuals who were charged with gun possession, made by officers in Brooklyn's 67th Precinct station house, was reported to be allegedly tampered, according to a 2014 newspaper report. The suspects stated that the police had placed the guns on their person, and the report said that "each gun was found in a plastic bag or a handkerchief, with no traces of the suspect's fingerprints." Defense attorneys have said in court filings that the arresting officers may have been inventing informers as a way to satisfy arrest quotas and to collect $1,000 rewards from an anti-gun community safety program.
The questions raised about the arrests suggested a "pattern of questionable police conduct and tactics," according to the report.[145] After an inquiry by the newspaper, prosecutors admitted that they were going to review the cases of some of the arrests, leading to gun possession charges being dropped against at least two men. The case against a third man was eventually dismissed at the request of prosecutors, but only after the man's trial preparation had commenced. A fourth man was acquitted at the conclusion of a federal trial after police testimony was found to be "inconsistent." A trial against a fifth man arrested on gun possession charges was dismissed after police could not produce their informant before the judge.[146] Reportedly, an investigation is being conducted by the NYPD's Internal Affairs Bureau.
"Turned backs" at Liu's and Ramos' hospital arrivals and funerals
On December 20, 2014, many NYPD officers turned their backs on Mayor Bill de Blasio when patrol officers Rafael Ramos and Wenjian Liuarrived at Brooklyn's Woodhull Hospital where they were pronounced dead on arrival hours later, in protest at words de Blasio reportedly spoken to his son that characterized them in a negative light, as well as at the officers' funerals themselves, Ramos' on December 27 and Liu's on January 4, 2015.[147] Enforcement of laws had been dramatically lowered in the weeks following the funeral.[148] The events at the funerals were politicized, with many conservative commentators siding with the NYPD and many liberals siding with protesters against the NYPD.[149] Some blamed the local police union, the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, which said that it was not behind the decline in arrests.[150]
NYPD edits to English Wikipedia articles
On March 13, 2015, many news organizations reported that 50 of the 15,000 IP addressesbelonging to the NYPD were associated with edits to articles on the English Wikipedia that dated back to 2006. These IP addresses geolocate to NYPD headquarters at 1 Police Plaza. According to one news source, English Wikipedia discourages editors from making revisions that might constitute a conflict of interest.[151][152][153][154] An internal review found two officers had used police-owned equipment to make edits to English Wikipedia. Of the English Wikipedia edits, Commissioner Bill Bratton said, "I don't anticipate any punishment to be quite frank with you." Bratton said the NYPD does not have "a policy specific to accessing that site," but will review its social media policy.[155] In 2020, it was reported that the NYPD continued to edit its pages on Wikipedia, although edits were quickly reversed.[156]
Arrest quota "game"
In 2015, officers went public with accusations that the command of the Anti-Crime Unit in the 122nd Precinct station house in Staten Island awarded points to unit officers for every misdemeanor and felony arrest the officers made. If unit officers failed to earn a minimum number of points per month, then the unit officers faced the possibility of being transferred out of the unit. Officers who made the allegations said that the point system amounted to a game to reinforce a quota system of arrests, a charge that an NYPD spokesperson denied. The allegations were revealed against a backdrop of a lawsuit filed by nearly a dozen minority NYPD officers, who claimed that the NYPD retaliated against them for refusing to meet a quota for issuing summonses in minority communities.[157]
Rant against Uber driver
On March 30, 2015, an Uber driver was "pulled over" by Detective Patrick Cherry[158] a 15-year veteran of the NYPD who was assigned to the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force in New York City.[159] His xenophobic and profanity-filled[160] tirade and threats of arrest for making a "mild" gesture at the detective for not properly signaling has highlighted what other drivers-for-hire have called a pattern of abuse and discrimination by the New York City police.[161] The encounter came to light, because of a video that a passenger in the car posted to YouTube.[162] Detective Cherry conducted this unjustified detainment (although a brief one) in a Hyundai Sonata not officially issued to him, according to NYPD.[163]Furthermore, it had a simple LED blue and red flasher on the dash, a color combination not used by police in the state of New York,[164]raising additional questions if this was a personally-owned car and not one which he had the right to use in traffic stops.
In the ensuing news stories it came to light that Detective Cherry has been the subject to two federal civil rights lawsuits, both which the City of New York settled.[165] This detective also has been party to at least 12 citizen complaint review board enquiries.[166] According to NYPD Commissioner William Bratton, Cherry has been stripped of his badge, gun, and the right to arrest[167] while the Internal Affairs and CCRB investigations take place.
Lawsuits against NYPD officers
The New York Daily News revealed that 55 officers had each been sued for misconduct 10 or more times since 2006, resulting in settlements and judgements that totaled over $6 million of the $1 billion paid during the period to cover all civil suit judgements/settlements against the NYPD. Only one to two percent of people who believe they were mistreated by the police actually file lawsuits.[168]
Narcotics detective Peter Valentin was sued 28 times for misconduct from 2006 through early 2014, resulting in $884,000 in settlements. The lawsuit allegations included the running of slash-and-burn raids that resulted in few criminal convictions.[168]
Corruption in the 40th Precinct
In 2015, disciplinary charges were announced against 19 officers at the 40th Precinct station house in the Bronx, after these officers failed to process crime complaints properly. During an audit of a four-month period in 2014, fifty-five instances of alleged discrepancies were discovered between radio call response activities and complaint reports that led to a deliberate misreporting of crimes. After the discrepancies were corrected, it was discovered that crimes actually increased in the precinct from what had been previously reported for 2014.[169]
Investigation into cheating on 2015 lieutenants' exam
The NYPD launched an investigation into allegations of widespread cheating by the class of sergeants, who took the lieutenants' exam in 2015. About 200 sergeants passed the test during the original date of its administration, and at a make-up test date for those who missed the original test date. After the initial test date, the answer key to the exam was reportedly posted on an online message board popular with police officers. Nevertheless, allegations were made of cheating on both the initial test and at the make-up test. Pending the outcome of the NYPD investigation, the promotion of the roughly 200 sergeants who passed the test were put on hold.[170] The allegations of cheating had triggered a lawsuit by police officers, who claimed that the cheating provided some officers with an unfair advantage.[171]
Federal corruption investigation of top NYPD officers
NYPD Commissioner William Bratton reassigned four top NYPD officers as a consequence of a federal corruption investigation of the NYPD being led by the U.S. Attorney's Office and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Deputy Chief Michael Harringon, Deputy Inspector James Grant, Deputy Chief David Colon, and Deputy Chief Eric Rodriguez were each disciplined by being given desk jobs even before the outcome of the investigation was made clear. The investigation of the NYPD was reportedly connected to probes of two businessmen with ties to Mayor Bill de Blasio. Although the complete nature, and identity of all of the targets, of the federal investigation were not made clear, agents of the FBI's political corruption unit were participating in the probe.[172]
As part of the wide-ranging, Federal investigation into alleged misconduct and corruption at the NYPD, federal prosecutors filed criminal charges against Brooklyn public safety patrol volunteer Shaya (Alex) Lichtenstein for attempting to bribe an undercover officer with almost $1 million if the undercover officer would expedite permits for around 150 guns. One prosecutor described Lichtenstein as an "arms dealer." Three NYPD officers, who worked in the Licensing Division, the departmental unit that processed gun permits, were transferred to other posts.[173]
The federal corruption investigation has also reportedly focused on former Chief of Department Philip Banks, who allegedly received gifts from one of the two businessmen with close ties to Mayor de Blasio.[174]
Under anxious conditions, with senior police officers expecting indictments to be handed down as a consequence of the investigation, NYPD Inspector Michael Ameri reportedly killed himself by shooting himself in the head while he sat in his department-issued car. Ameri had reportedly been interviewed twice by investigators about preferential treatment being given to the two businessmen with ties to Mayor de Blasio, and the unit in which Ameri worked had been raided by officers from the NYPD's Internal Affairs Bureau. Another NYPD officer, who was a close friend of and who worked with Ameri in the Highway Patrol Unit, was reassigned following Ameri's death.[175]
Some of the senior NYPD officers, who have been disciplined in connection with the reported investigation, include officers who had received promotions from NYPD Commissioner William Bratton. Allegedly, Commissioner Bratton has been allowing senior NYPD officers implicated in the reported investigation to retire with their pension benefits without facing departmental charges for alleged misconduct. Mayor Bill de Blasio said the process for the top brass retirements was appropriate.[176]
During a radio interview, Sergeants Benevolent Association President Ed Mullins called for Commissioner Bratton to resign, saying new leadership at the police department was needed, and adding, "I personally think Bratton has stayed too long, and it's time to go."[177]
In June 2016, three NYPD commanders were charged by prosecutors with federal corruption charges as part of the reported, wide-ranging investigation.[178] One day after Millions March NYC, a group with ties to the Black Lives Matter movement, commenced a protest in City Hall Park, demanding, among other things, the resignation of Commissioner Bratton, the embattled police commissioner announced he was stepping down from his post.[179]
Arrest of Jazmine Headley
On December 7, 2018, NYPD officers violently separated a one-year-old boy from his mother, Jazmine Headley, who was at the New York City Human Resources Administration awaiting an appointment for a daycare voucher.[180][181]A witness reportedly described Headley as "not acting erratically or in any way a risk to her child".[180] Brooklyn city councilman Stephen Levin expressed concern at the officers' apparent violation of their de-escalation training.[180]
Food vendor crackdown
On November 9, 2019, four police officers confiscated the cart of a churro vendor at the Broadway Junction station in a crackdown on homelessness and "quality of life" issues.[182][183] A second churro vendor was arrested on Monday November 11 at the Myrtle-Wycoff station.[184] Julie Salazar, the New York State Senator whose district includes the Broadway Junction stop, criticized the officers' actions as "criminalizing" a person who was trying to make a living.[183]
2019 Internal Affairs "integrity test"
Officers Joseph Stokes and Jose Aracena were arrested following an October 29, 2019 Internal Affairs “integrity test” on the Lower East Side, after the patrol partners pulled over an undercover officer who feigned drunkenness. Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr.reported the duo as charged with stealing cash from the vehicle, which was caught on camera. Stokes filed a lawsuit, claiming the sting operation was retaliation for his April 29, 2018 arrest of a restaurateur for drunk driving who had claimed close ties to NYPD Commissioner James O’Neill and Chief Jeffrey Maddrey. Stokes claims that the restaurateur had then threatened him, and later claimed that money was stolen from his vehicle.[185]
Exclusion of NYPD as court witnesses
In February 2020, media reported that Brooklyn, Manhattan and Staten Island District Attorney Offices each compile lists, or information, into a "Do Not Call" roster of "NYPD officers who they will not allow to testify in court."[186]
Marijuana planting
On two different occasions in 2018, officer Kyle Erickson, of the 120th Precinct, was caught on his own bodycam planting marijuana in cars during a traffic stop after finding nothing in a search. Both times, after planting the marijuana, Erickson asked fellow officer Elmer Pastran if they are "good", suggesting that Pastran was fully complicit. The man arrested in the first incident, Lasou Kuyateh, began proceedings in late 2019 to sue the city of New York for $1 million. His marijuana charge had been dropped abruptly at a pretrial hearing because of the video, and prosecutors encouraged Erickson to get a lawyer. A passenger in the second incident, Jason Serrano, was ordered out of the car and ultimately pushed to the ground and handcuffed despite showing officers that he was recovering from an abdominal stab wound, and was taken back to the hospital following the incident. A review by the police department's internal affairs division determined that allegations of misconduct in both incidents were "unfounded", and both officers remain on patrol.[187][188]
Parking placard corruption and bike lane blocking
Parked NYPD vehicles blocking a bike lane NYPD officers have been repeatedly and consistently documented to engage in illegal parking, and in refusing to give tickets to illegally parked cars which are owned by police or friends of police; either abusing official placards, or using fake placards or pieces of police uniforms.[189][190] The Twitter account "placardabuse" documented this from 2016 through at least 2020. When confronted on this, NYPD harassed reporters.[191]
The NYPD has been persistently criticized by safe streets advocates for endangering cyclists by parking their vehicles in bike lanes.[192][193][194]
Cyclist ticketing
The NYPD has been criticized for misapplying the law when ticketing cyclists riding outside blocked bike lanes.
Prostitution
A 2020 ProPublica report documented abundant allegations of false arrest and sexual misconduct in NYPD prostitution stings. Purported buyers and sellers of sex denied ever having agreed to the transactions when undercover officers propositioned them. Despite possessing equipment to record these transactions, NYPD chose not to do so in many cases. In 2014, the NYPD paid more than a million in taxpayer dollars to individuals who were falsely arrested. Even though research indicates that most buyers of sex are white, 93% of the 3,000 accused by the NYPD of trying to buy sex from 2016 to 2020 were nonwhite.
Racist rants by anti-harassment official
In 2021, an investigation by the NYPD found that the head of the NYPD's Equal Employment Opportunity Division had a history of posting racist rants to an online forum frequented by police. For example, he referred to President Barack Obama as a "Muslim savage" and called the black son of Mayor Bill de Blasio a "brillohead."[197] New York City Council's Oversight and Investigations Division pointed these messages out to the NYPD, prompting the investigation.